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Photograph of Raymonde Fiol, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 17, 2016

Date

2016-05-17

Description

Raymonde "Ray" Fiol at her Summerlin neighborhood home. A Jewish Holocaust survivor whose parents were killed in Auschwitz, Fiol was hidden by a Christian family of resistance fighters during her childhood in Nazi-occupied Paris, France. She married an American service member, Phil Fiol, in 1957. Upon retirement, the couple moved to Las Vegas around 2003 and Raymonde became active in the local Holocaust Survivors Group.

Image

Photograph of Henry Kronberg, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 10, 2016

Date

2016-05-10

Description

Holocaust survivor and longtime Las Vegas businessman Henry Kronberg photographed at his Summerlin neighborhood home.

Image

Transcript of roundtable interview about Kristallnacht with Esther Finder, Raymonde Fiol, Alexander Kuechel, Philipp Meinecke and Rabbi Felipe Goodman, by Barbara Tabach, March 17, 2015

Date

2015-03-17

Description

In this interview, the participants discuss their experiences during Kristallnacht, and the commemoration events in southern Nevada with Holocaust survivors and their families. Mr. Kuechel recounts his journey through concentration camps and being liberated by the Russians. Rabbi Goodman talks about meeting Mr. Meinecke, whose grandfather was a high-ranking SS officer. Meinecke discusses his upbringing in Germany and trying to learn about his family's involvement in the Holocaust, and the hope he felt after the fall of the Berlin Wall as Jews returned to Germany. The group discusses the importance of Holocaust education because there are still so many untold stories.

On November 9th to November 10th, 1938, in an incident known as Kristallnacht, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, and killed close to one hundred Jews. In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, also called the Night of Broken Glass, some thirty thousand Jewish men were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. German Jews had been subjected to repressive policies since 1933 when Nazi Party leader Adolph Hitler became chancellor of Germany. However, prior to Kristallnacht these Nazi policies had been primarily nonviolent. However, after Kristallnacht conditions for German Jews grew increasingly worse. During World War II, Hitler and the Nazis implemented their so-called final solution to what they referred to as "the Jewish problem" and carried out the systematic murder of some six million European Jews in what is now commonly known as the Holocaust.

Text

Video, Generations of the Shoah interview with Henry Kronberg, by Esther Finder, 2013

Date

2013

Description

Interview with Henry Kronberg by Esther Finder. Kronberg survived the Holocaust and discusses the fate of his family, and his life in America.

Moving Image

Video, Generations of the Shoah interview with Lily Tokarski, by Esther Finder, 2013

Date

2013

Description

Interview with Lily Tokarski by Esther Finder discussing her arrival in North America with her family, who survived the Holocaust.

Moving Image

Audio clip from interview with Raymonde Fiol, August 12, 2015

Date

2015-08-12

Description

In this clip, Raymonde "Ray" Fiol talks about visiting the town in which she and her family were interned in France during the Nazi occupation, and the local woman who helped her tell her story.

Sound