Oral history interview with Kent Carmichael conducted by Stefani Evans on November 25 and December 2, 2019 for the Boyer Early Las Vegas Oral History Project.

In the first session of this oral history, Carmichael discusses his early career in lighting design and maintenance from his start at Interstate Neon to his work in the 1950s and 60s in Las Vegas. He discusses some of the iconic signs he built including the Casino Center, Carnival Room, Thunderbird, The Frontier, Bonanza, and the Stardust. He also details the technology and inner workings of these innovative signs including the transition from mechanical to electrically controlled signage. Carmichael continues to discuss Native American laborers and various individuals that he interacted with throughout his early career including Max and Mo Oggenblick, Doby Doc, Benny Binion, Arby Alper, Steve Wynn, Peter Arp, and Wayne and Jerry Newton. Carmichael ends the first interview by recalling a high wind event that damaged the Frontier sign and his efforts to bring the sign under control and repair it as well as his vision and behind the Stardust sign.

The second oral history interview contains Carmichael’s discussion of his career from 1968 onward. He immediately picks up discussion of the Stardust sign and his transition to desk work. Carmichael details the challenge and limitations of designing the International sign (the Westgate as of 2021). He describes the development of his first messenger sign for the International and the time consuming task of using tape to program the sign. He fondly remembers working on the Holiday Inn Riverboat signs, and International transition to Las Vegas Hilton and the Hilton’s transition from blue to red letters. Carmichael shares the story of being caught between organized crime and a young Steve Wynn. He recounts his last project for Ad Art, developing and construction the sign for the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. He details working through legislative and construction issues as well as the fallout from the Nat Kiefer Commission.

After leaving Ad Art Carmichael began working with Heath and Co. and began collaborating with Raul Rodriguez. Carmichael and Rodriguez went on to design some of the most enduring and visually unique signs in Las Vegas including, the Flamingo, Four Queens, Golden Nugget, Dunes Hotel, and the Desert Inn. They also worked in Reno on Circus Circus and El Dorado. Carmichael also details his interior work including the main pylon and interior signs for MGM Grand; 1974 renovation Golden Nugget, suspended stained glass ceiling at Tropicana, and the MGM Lion display. Lastly Carmichael outlined his work with Young Electric Sign 1983-85 and the Dewey Sign Company including the Las Vegas Convention Center sign. He ends by sharing his views on the role and importance of lighting in Las Vegas.

The Stardust Resort and Casino Photograph Collection, approximately 1970 to 1979, consists of black-and-white and color photographic prints of the Stardust Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The photographs depict the interior and exterior of the hotel before and after its renovation in 1975.

The C. A. Earle Rinker Photograph Collection of Goldfield, Nevada (approximately 1900-1915) contains individual black-and-white photographic prints, photographic albums, black-and-white and tinted postcards, and photographic negatives that document the history of early twentieth century Goldfield, Nevada. The images include photographic prints of Goldfield and surrounding areas during its peak years of 1906-1910; postcards showing scenes of Goldfield, Tonopah, and other areas in central Nevada; and negatives that contain images of Rinker's family and homelife in Indiana and Illinois.

The Stuart and Flora Mason Photographs (1940-1999) contain photographs of hotels, casinos, and other buildings constructed by Taylor International Corporation, which was owned by the Mason Family. The photographs depict the Aladdin, Venetian, Tropicana, Riviera, MGM Grand, and International hotels and casinos in Las Vegas, Nevada. The photographs also depict buildings in Miami and Coral Gables, Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The Milton Norman Photograph Collection (1943-1970) consists of black-and-white photographic prints and negatives taken by City of Las Vegas Code Enforcement officer Milton Norman. The images were recorded as part of a survey of substandard residential dwellings built in the then racially segregated communities of the Westside and Vegas Heights in Las Vegas, Nevada.