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extension of service shall be immediately profitable, or that there shall be no unprofitable extensions, the criterion being generally whether the proposed ex­tension will place an unreasonable burden upon the utility as a whole, or upon its existing oonauaers. As to the coats involved in making an extension, various elements, such as the type or Quality of construction to be used and the use of any existing equipment or facili­ties, enter into the determination of this matter* But while the utility cannot fix the limits of the proposed extension at territory which will yield an immediate profit, and, on the other hand, cannot be required to moico unreasonable extensions, there is a point midway between these extremes at which the utility may require of the proposed consumer assistance in the necessary outlay in furnishing the service* \ In 31 A*L*H. page 333 there is collected a number of oases dealing with the power of a public service commission to requlr* a publie utility to aitand gas aarrloa into now territory. This annotation points out that an order of a commission requir­ing a public utility to extend its service to a community which the utility had not previously held itself out to serve would vio­late the constitutional prohibition against the taking of property without due process of law and that, therefore, such an order would be unreasonable and void and would be set aside by Court* On the other hand, the annotation contains a number of oases sup­porting the general rule that a gas company serving the public may be compelled to extend its service within the boundaries covered by its franchise where the requirement is not unreasonable or con­fiscatory* In 58 A.L.B. page 53? there is an annotation on the sub­ject of "duty to extend electrical service or supply *nf**J*2} « awniieant as effected by cost involved" in which are collected a large number of cases dealing with this subject* T ^ r e ; ^ a a number of cases cited in the annotation which supportthefollowingstate-ment which I quote: "It has uniformly been held that it is not necessary that a particular extension of electrical service shall be immediately profitable, or that there shall be no unprofitable extenadone,tlePcriterion being generally whether the proposed ex­tension will place an unreasonable burden upon the utility as a whole, or upon its existing consumer*" I think it is well settled by the oases that order of a public utility commission ordering an extension of laraement of plant will be set aside as unreasonable if the cost woulHSpair S ability of the utility as a whole to earn a reason-able return on its investment* There have also been many cases in which the Courts have set aside orders of public utility commissions ordering extensions where the prospects of earning a fair returnon the coal of individual extension was so slight as to maks the order -3-