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All material found during the progress of the work ?wto have cracks, flaws, or other defects, shall be promptly removed from the site of the work by the Contractor. Handling Pipe and Accessories Cast iron pipe, fittings, valves and other accessories shall at all times be handled with care to avoid damage. Under no circumstances shall they be dropped or rolled in such a manner as to cause shock to the material. If pipe coating is damaged in handling, it shall be repaired in a manner satisiactory to the Engineer. Alignment and Grade ^11 pipe shall be laid and maintained to the required lines and grades, no chovn ow-at-^aohed- dray-i'ftg-s, with^fittings, valves, and hydrants at the reouxred locations; and with joints centered and spigots home; and with all valve and hydrant stems plumb, unless otherwise directed. Temporary support, adeouate protection and maintenance of all underground and surface utility structures, drains, sewers, and other obstructions .encountered in the progress of the work shall be furnished by the Contractor under the direction of the Engineer, Wherever existing utility structures or branch connections leading to main sex*;ers or to main drains, or other conduits, ducts, pipes, or structures present obstructions to the grade and alignment of the pipe, they shall be permanently supported, removed, relocated, or reconstructed by the Contractor through cooperation x-rith the owner of the utility, structure, or obstruction involved. In those instances where their relocation or reconstruction is impracticable, a deviation from line and grade will be ordered, and the change shall be made in the manner directed. No deviation shall be made from the required line or grade except with the written consent of the Engineer, Subsurfa.ce Explorations Whenever necessary to determine the location of existing pipes, valves, or other underground structures, the Contractor sha.ll make all explorations and excavations for such purpose. Excavation and Preparation of Trench The trench shall be dug to the alignment and depth required and only so far in advance of pipe laying as the Engineer shall permit. The trench shall be so braced and drained that workmen may work therein safely and efficiently, 2