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The trench width may very with and depend upon the "\depth of trench end the nature of the excavated material encountered; bjjt In any case shall be of ample width to permit the pipe to be laid and jointed properly and the backfill to be placed arid compacted properly. The maximum clear width of ? trench shall be not more than two feet greater than the oipe diameter. * « The trench, unless otherwise specified, shall have a flat bottom conforming to the grade to which the.pipe is to be laid. The pipe shall be laid upon sound soil cut true and even, so that the barrel of the pipe will have a bearing for its full length. Any part of the trench excavated below grade shall be refilled with thoroughly compacted approved material at Contractor's expense. When the bottom uncovered at sub-grade is soft and in the opinion of the Engineer, cannot support the pipe, a. further depth and/or width shall be excavated and refilled to pipe foundation grade, or other approved means shall be adopted to assure a firm foundation for the pipe. ? \ y Pipe .Clearance in Rock Ledge rock, boulders, and large stones shall be removed to provide a clearance of at least nine inches beloxtf all parts of the pipe, valves, or fittings, and to e clear width of nine inches on each side of all pipe. Blasting Procedure Blasting for excavation will be permitted only after proper precautions are taken for the protection of persons or property. The Contractor's methods of procedure relative to blasting shall conform to local state laws and municipal ordinances. Braced and Sheeted Trenches Wherever necessary to prevent caving, excavations in sand, gravel, sandy soil, or other unstable material shall be adequately sheeted and braced. Where sheeting and bracing are used, the trench width shall be increased accordingly. Trench sheeting shall remain in place until the pipe has been laid, tested for defects and repaired if necessary, and the earth around and over pipe thoroughly compacted. Barricades, Guards and Safety Provisions To. protect persons from injury and to avoid property damage, adequate barricades, construction signs, torches, red lanterns and guard rails as required shall be placed and maintained during the progress of the construction work and until 3