Roberta Sabbath was born on December 23, 1943 in Richmond, Virginia. She received her bachelor's degree in French Studies from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1965 and married Dennis Sabbath in 1967. The couple spent two years in Chicago, Illinois before moving to Kodiak, Alaska in 1969 where she started an adult basic education program and a youth program. After about two years in Alaska, Sabbath and her husband moved to Las Vegas, Nevada.
They both became involved with the Jewish Federation of Las Vegas, and she was president of the Federation's Women's Division from 1982 to 1984. Roberta Sabbath founded the University of Nevada, Las Vegas’ (UNLV) chapter of Hillel in 1976 and was administrator of the Hebrew Academy for three years in the late 1990s. She also served on the board of the Las Vegas Anti-Defamation League. Sabbath received two master's degrees from UNLV, one in Educational Counseling in 1976 and one in Theater in 1990. She earned a PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of California, Riverside in 1994.