Transcript of interview with Stella Fleming by Suzanne Wright, February 24, 1979

UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming i An Interview with Stella Fleming An Oral History Conducted by Suzanna Wright Ralph Roske Oral History Project on Early Las Vegas Special Collections and Archives Oral History Research Center University Libraries University of Nevada, Las Vegas UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming ii © Ralph Roske Oral History Project on Early Las Vegas University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 2018 UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming iii The Oral History Research Center (OHRC) was formally established by the Board of Regents of the University of Nevada System in September 2003 as an entity of the UNLV University Libraries’ Special Collections Division. The OHRC conducts oral interviews with individuals who are selected for their ability to provide first-hand observations on a variety of historical topics in Las Vegas and Southern Nevada. The OHRC is also home to legacy oral history interviews conducted prior to its establishment including many conducted by UNLV History Professor Ralph Roske and his students. This legacy interview transcript received minimal editing, such as the elimination of fragments, false starts, and repetitions in order to enhance the reader's understanding of the material. All measures have been taken to preserve the style and language of the narrator. The interviewee/narrator was not involved in the editing process. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming iv Abstract On February 24, 1979, Suzanne Wright interviewed Stella Fleming (born December 1, 1897 in Victoria, Canada) about her experiences as a Las Vegas, Nevada resident and as a worker in the welfare department in Clark County. Fleming first talks about some of her work in welfare and specifically the early practices of the welfare administration. She also discusses her work as it related to the Works Progress Administration, the American Red Cross, and the Nevada Emergency Relief Program. Fleming also provided some anecdotes about her experiences in that field before moving on to discuss some of the historical aspects of Las Vegas, such as the atomic testing, specific landmarks and locations, and the development of the city. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 1 The informant is Stella Fleming. The date is February 24th, 1979 at eleven o’clock a.m. The place: her home, 1148 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada. The collector is Suzanne Wright, 5367 Lamoille Circle, Las Vegas, Nevada. The project is Nevada State History, Oral Interview: Life of a Las Vegas Old Timer and Former Head of Clark County Welfare Department. Tape one, side one, two tapes in interview. Can you fill me in on some of the background that brought you to Las Vegas in the first place? Mostly this was in 1929. A bright spot and a city in quandary, as they were not too sure where the dam would be located—on the Arizona side or the Nevada side. So, of course, it was late decided that it would be in Nevada. My husband, an architect and structural engineer, was interested in the new city and spot of advancement and populous place for people to gain a new livelihood and success, as we were in a depression. The Depression was the thing that brought you to Las Vegas in the first place? Yes. Los Angeles was our place of residence, and my family intermittently spent time in Las Vegas. My family consisted of my mother, my son, my husband, and myself. In 1931, we moved here permanently. My husband had already established himself in an architectural office. In 1932, I was hired as a secretary and general office worker for the Clark County, in Las Vegas particularly. What capacity was that in? The county welfare department was then established, as only volunteers were used, such as the Red Cross, and the county commissioners helped those in need through their office. That was right after the Depression or during the Depression? This was in 1932. During the Depression. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 2 Then the office was established with the Red Cross worker and myself and a couple of clerks in charge of welfare problems. The county secured the services in help of the Red Cross. In Las Vegas, there was a great demand for help, as people then were flocking in here by the hundreds, as it was the brightest spot in the country, as the dam had already started construction. The welfare office and the people of Las Vegas, the old residents, were helpful in all types of need: spiritually, needy, depressed, and sick people. The city, of course, including the county, grew from a population in 1929 of about 6,000 in the county. Of course, today we have a population of probably 400,000. That all came in just about twenty-five, thirty years, too, didn’t it? Forty years. Forty years? What brought all the people here? Was it looking for wealth and jobs and that kind of thing? People had established here for many years because of the railroad, and the railroad personnel, and then of course the occupational services to serve people in a community. Did a lot of people come here and find that they couldn’t have the jobs that they were hoping for and wind up getting involved in welfare at that point? People came here, found jobs on the dam, and also in industries, domestic, catering to the people. After the completion of the dam, and possibly before, the schools developed. In 1932, or there about, we had a high school. The residents were always liberal and sympathetic to the needs of people. In a small community, this happens, and many things are accomplished without a lot of bureaucracy. How did you help with the welfare? What was your job and what did you do—? UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 3 Well, of course, I mentioned there first with the—I climbed the ladder to administrator of welfare. And when was that? I don’t remember just exactly when that was. I worked for the county for forty years, of course I’m including this time, and I retired in October of ’72. What was the county’s objectives in the welfare department? How were they going about helping the people that were here and needy? Well, let’s see, wonder how we could express that, because, you see, the early days, the county commissioners, if I, I would probably go to a county commissioner or I’d go to Ire Earl, or I’d go to somebody and I’d say, “I just don’t have any money. I have no job—haven’t any employment services then—no job, have nothing to feed my family,” so they’d issue a check for $30, $20, or we had a county hospital then. If they were sick, they went to the county hospital. That was early, before ’32, was administered by the county commissioners. I see. When did it change to a different style and program? Now, then, this is going to be very difficult to explain—I don’t know—because, you see, as a I mentioned at first, and I think that was kind of garbled up, the Red Cross had a worker in here because of the dam. And then, of course, we don’t explain these things in the, in, like, this interview, and the county commissioners gave Debra Pence, who was sent in here by the Red Cross, so much money a month to operate the county welfare. And I was a clerk. However, she was not a county worker; in other words, she was a Red Cross worker, but as a worker for the Red Cross, they contributed so much money a month. Oh, I see. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 4 For the welfare of the county. Then, we had those programs that you’re not familiar with: The Nevada Emergency, like in Los Angeles, California—let’s see, Nevada Emergency Relief, and theirs was what—so then we went from those emergency reliefs with county and some federal funds. Then they sent workers in here. Then, the WPA program came in—Works Progress. Then, WPA gave employment to these people as well as send people, they overflowed people and so on. And then that WPA was a working program. For instance—of course, some of it’s torn down—hmm, funny, I can’t remember—of course that first was all sorts of projects, and one now where the (unintelligible) the post office there down on Stewart Street. A big building was erected, which was sort of like a recreational, other than it was just for concerts and that sort of thing—I don’t mean for sport. Then, the contractors came in here, and they had to absorb the workers from the Works program—it was called Public Works Administration. So, then you referred all of your roll of people, on your rolls, you referred them to whatever jobs that they could perform: electricians, plasterers, so on, etcetera, to these public programs, which was sponsored, too, by the government. Did that help build a lot of the buildings in town? Some, yes. So, each, for instance, those different things were done by a particularly—by the public works, mostly, with absorbing the people who needed steady employment. So, those things really hard to put down in paper. Oh, yes. Was it always a volunteer action, or did it eventually become a government-funded program—the welfare department? Oh no, no. Let me see—of course, indirectly, you know, we get sums of money which goes through Carson City, and so on, for everything. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 5 Mm-hmm. When did the government step in financially after you said it started out as a volunteer program, and originally you were a volunteer? I was never a volunteer. Oh, you weren’t? The welfare and the WPA worked together, or was it the same program? Oh yes, everything was all together—everything. If you couldn’t—well it was a period in there where they separated, yes that’s true, there was. There was a period where the WPA was a department—how can I (unintelligible) because I got my salary from the county apart from the state—NERA, Nevada Emergency Relief Program, and part from the county. So, I got two checks each month, you see, because the Works program took just as it say, those people who were employable. There were people who were not employable for various reasons. So, then, they were on the program—county relief, they called that, county relief—I hated that, County Relief Administration. So those people, during the Works Progress program, and the building of the dam—the WPA program was a program by itself—indirectly, (unintelligible) explain it to you, because then of course they had a person in charge of county welfare, and I was still was NERA and WPA with county funds, you see. So, I mean, it’s just one of those things, as I mentioned there, that we just didn’t have—we took care of everything that came this way. The WPA was more for placing people in jobs. In jobs, right. And the welfare, then, was—? It was indirect and direct welfare. And those on direct welfare were actually welfare recipients. The work program absorbed those who were able to work. How do you think the welfare department has changed since the days of the WPA? UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 6 Oh my gracious, why, we’ve become a big metropolis of employment, like any place in the country. I mean, there’s no comparison. We’re a city, we’re able to take care of the population—there will always be people in need and have problems, but the environment has developed a—and this is bad to put into any article in my estimation—that you’ll always have a needy populous. There’s always somebody in need. For instance, you never know what’s going to happen. Of course, now, I’m speaking, see, for myself. Today, if you don’t come under the deed for child welfare service or old age assistance or food stamps or for surgery or hospitalization, where you go, here, here, here—in the early days, it came under just the one office. Oh, a lot of red tape. You realize that there was no bureaucracy. So, today, you see, now if you had a fire and you were wiped out, why, the Red Cross would come to your aid—no they wouldn’t if it was just one, I don’t know what their regulations are now—but if you had a, say, if you had a fire, and depending upon the circumstances, the firemen have a fund. In the early days, they always had a little find. In the early days, they’d always come to you and certain things that we can do for that family. See, when I mentioned that everybody volunteered, they realized the needs, the needy. Take, for instance, up here in Huntridge, 1943, ’44, there was a family that lived up on Maryland Parkway on the next block or two—they had unfortunate circumstances. So, at Christmastime, I put them on the Christmas basket list; we had helped them in whatever the needs that they had, even groceries. But our help was direct relief; there was no money given to anybody in those days. Somebody who distributed baskets voluntarily saw—and I can’t remember, but I’ll say a Cadillac because it would be that type of Cadillac in the driveway, and they lived in the Huntridge. It was considered a very good area in that time—they wouldn’t leave a basket. And the people probably needed it, too, didn’t they? UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 7 Yes, sure. So I mean, you don’t know—something could happen. Now, today, why, well AD children, they’ve got a sick mother and no father or something, and “Well, we’ll put the children in child haven or a foster home,” so they go to that agency. Or they need—aid-dependent children—they need money in there to take care of the children, so they go to the state for aid-dependent children. So, you see, I mean, there’s nothing—I gotta fight, too, with the nutrition board when I go to the meeting next time. I know it’s impossible, but people on the outside are impatient, too. And we’re talking about a friend of hours; he lost his wife in October. He’s been in the hospital twice since she died, he is unable to do for himself other than to dress himself and take care of his own needs. He’s unable to cook; he never did develop any household chores. Anyway, he has the shakes. So, he needs somebody, so I made inquiries about the hot lunch, I’m on that board, Meals on Wheels, and the nutrition. So, they say, “Well, we have quite a long list, we won’t be able to get to him,” or, “as soon as we can, we will.” Of course, that made me flare up, and that’s how people did to me, too, and I don’t blame them. So, I said, “Well,” I said, “he’s out of the hospital,” I said, “all he’s doing is eating raw fruit, ‘cause he’s not able to (unintelligible) but some chocolate bars.” So then they said they would see what they could do. Well, I’m sure they mighta did. In the meantime, he goes back to the hospital, and he’s now home again, and I called them Thursday—of course, the weekend’s a bad time and I couldn’t expect them to do anything until probably Monday or Tuesday—but you see what I mean? That man needed it now, and we don’t have any programs that say, “Now.” In the beginning, did you—? In the early days, why, we were working till twelve o’clock. In fact, the police came knocking on my door—we lived on Fourth Street—and knocking on the door and saying somebody has just arrived in town, they have nowhere to sleep. By those days, we had taken over buildings and so UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 8 on, and we housed people. It was transient relief; they had transient relief here, too, during the NERA days, where the transients came and they were taken care of and given a bed and housed. So they would come in the middle of the night, and then after that program, by the county, we developed a residential place. We had one of the bunkhouses for families, one bunkhouse for men, one bunkhouse for women. Where were those located? They were on Bonanza, the 800 block of Bonanza. There’s nothing there (unintelligible) anything. So, it’s really difficult to explain those things, because they’re beyond any—and I have gone at twelve o’clock at night, and my husband would get up and go along, too. I’ve gone into the kitchen and into the freezer and so on, etcetera, refrigeration, got them something to eat, and assigned them a bed. I mean, you did those things. Mm-hmm. They don’t have programs like that today? Well (unintelligible) Salvation Army would find something like that, maybe. But then we had a chance of bringing in some trailers. [Phone rings] You started to say something about, you were bringing in trailers? We brought in trailers from—what dam was it—Parker, I guess it was, yes. So, anyway, we had chance of these trailers, and so I persuaded the county commissioners to get them. Of course, it was one government agency or the other, so they just transferred the trailers over and parked them where the (unintelligible) camp used to be, where our offices used to be on Bonanza. And so, then we housed family. They did their own cooking; we had a commissary. We issued grocery orders every week. When was this that they brought in the trailers? Do you remember? UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 9 That’s what I’m trying to think. It must be in the early forties. Of course, it has to be in the forties. I’m trying to think, what building or where was I when your grandfather died. And that was in ’52. Something funny just come to my mind. This circle out here was just no grass, you know, just a circle. And a police officer came to me—he had a man with him—at the office. [Audio cuts out] So, this man, the police officer, and he said to me on the side, “He doesn’t know where he wants to go or what he wants to do or where he’s headed for, but see what you can do with him, and I don’t want to do anything for him because he has, I think, $800 in his pocket.” If we went to the jail, why, somebody have really, I mean—there’s always somebody that’s like light-fingered and picks those things up. So I brought him home. We had come home for lunch, I picked up Mr. Fleming outside of his office, and so we had lunch, and I said, “Well, I’m getting in touch with the relatives, and so I’ll keep him here.” So he didn’t go back to the office, so I kept him here. And I don’t know what they were doing—I don’t remember that anyway—but anyway, the guy left out of the door, all of a sudden, Mr. Fleming sees him out here on the park, he was wandering somewhere, so he goes off and brings him back. In the meantime, I was able to contact his daughter in El Segundo, California and talked to here and told her what had happened. And there wasn’t a train out until eleven o’clock or something like that. So, anyway, we had dinner and put in—so, during the early part of the evening, he said—Linda, you’ll get a big bang out of this—he said, “Well now,” he says, “I think it’s time for you to go to bed.” (Laugh) So, he wanted us to go to bed, and I don’t remember what I said, “Well, what are you going to do?”—I don’t remember anyway of that, but anyway, I just wanted to point out that the police came with him because he had this money on him, they knew that I could probably do something for him. So we put him on the train and I told the conductor, I said, “Somebody’ll UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 10 meet him on the train, be sure that”—of course, those days, they helped, too. And they would report back to me. And those early days, too, we had a lot that you could return people to legal settlement. Now, today, people can come here this afternoon and an hour later be up at the state welfare or the county welfare seeking assistance—there’s no residence law anymore. So we used to be buying bus stop and so on, and the bus drivers knew me all from different times, you know, they knew me very well. And they’d call me and they’d say, “You know what happened to that guy you put on the bus last night?” “No, what?” “Well, he got off at Jean, or he got”—(Laughs)—of course, anyway, he couldn’t put in his ticket because it’s always stamped, you know, that couldn’t be refunded in any way. (Unintelligible) I don’t know what to do, I mean, I don’t know what to sort of bring this into focus. Okay, one thing I’d like to ask you is, what do you remember about the Old Fort? Not very much. It was just known as an old fort. It didn’t create much activity. I know you had said, when we were talking earlier about the fact that you would use the most cabins down there at one time. Well, yes. That was the—but the cabins were not related in any way to the old established fort. Oh, I see. Well, I wanted to ask you, too, I remember at the beginning, we talked about your husband, and he was an architect and a structural engineer. Yes. Did he have any work on the dam? No. No? Okay. You lived down on Fourth Street? Yes. Where about was that? UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 11 It’s 200 block on South Fourth Street. What’s there now? Banks. What about the first aboveground atomic test? Do you remember that? I certainly do. It was an exciting experience for citizens and out of town visitors who came here to view it. One could not imagine the expense of explosion, atmospheric conditions, the formation of the cloud it made, its brilliant colors. You got to see it? Yes. Where? We were out on the Tonopah Highway on the road watching. Did you feel the vibrations from it? No, not on the road I didn’t. No? You said something about the windows and stuff? In the houses and the stores, the stores downtown on Fremont Street, several of them. I believe Sears and a couple of other considered-large stores where the front windows were blasted out. In the homes, some windows were broken, cracks in the building resulted. Did you go up into the mountain to observe the—? The second or third bomb blast was at Angel’s Peak, and I was fortunate enough to be a member of Red Cross and went with the outfit to help the people who were interested in the blast and the servicemen from the airbase. It was thrilling because we were about 4,000 feet elevation, and it was extremely cold and exciting. The blast was very similar to the previous one. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 12 How did the public react to the blast? Did they seem to think it was going to cause any environmental problems or worry about the fact that it was going off in this area? I do not believe they did. It was well planned with every safety device and expertise used, and most of us, particularly laypeople, had no qualms whatsoever. When you lived out on Fourth Street, that was kind of the center of all the activity in Las Vegas, wasn’t it? What was the area like down there at the time? What were the streets like and that kind of thing? Fremont Street was paved, and the streets from Fremont to Gass were all paved. Beyond that was just regular road, tarred road, or whatever the roadwork might be, but not paved. Second Street out from Fremont to Gass was considered the railroad living areas, and they had nice family homes built for railroad workers. Fremont Street were some lovely homes east of Second, Third—well-constructed, good homes for that time of construction and architectural design. When did you move to the Huntridge area? In 1943, we moved to Huntridge? And you’ve been here ever since? Mm-hmm. What types of architecture did your husband design, any of the major buildings in town? Oh, office buildings, homes. Any of the older buildings that are still standing today, any part of your husband’s constructions? Most of the construction work in Los Angeles was done for the architectural drawings and plans and so on for homes and office buildings was done for contractors. There are a number of individual homes that were designed and planned by Mr. Fleming. The Boggs building and the UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 13 building on Fremont just from the corner of Fifth Street, now Las Vegas Boulevard South, it still stands—both buildings are business buildings. I can’t remember the name of that building. The phone company’s down there now. I don’t know. You’re still doing some charity work now; what things are you involved in? Now? Mm-hmm. The Nevada Catholic Welfare; I’m on its board and have been for over thirty-five years. The nutrition board—I belong to the Regina Hall Auxiliary, American Legion [Posts] 8 and 40, Sun Campers Ship Board. What is that? That is placing underprivileged children or—oh, I hate the word underprivileged—placing children in camps for summer recreation. What’s the Regina Hall? That’s what I belong to, it’s the Regina Hall Auxiliary. What is that? It is a home for children who run away from home, girls who run away at home or cannot get along at home. What else do I belong to? (Laughs) My mind— Well, that’s quite a lot. I don’t see how you get all of it done now. Well, I really appreciate you helping me with this project. Would you be interested in doing a further interview, a lengthier basis, at a later time? If I can be of any assistance, I would be delighted. I’m sure you could be. Okay, well thank you very much. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 14 [Recording cuts out and begins again midsentence] Spillways. You cannot conceive of the depth. Oh, I know it’s deep. They made comparisons such as that to leave you a better understanding of just how tremendous that is. When they dedicated the dam, FDR came out for that? Oh, yes. President Roosevelt dedicated the dam, and that was a great attraction; everybody made their way to Boulder Dam for that festivity, and the tunnels were all turned on as he dedicated the dam, which of course, you drove down to see later after the dedication because he was not right at that spot. Did it take a long time for Lake Mead to get developed there? No, not too long. The body of water was there; it was a real muddy, muddy—because the water wasn’t too deep at that time, but muddy. People that lived in Ragtown, they called it Ragtown because people had tents and so on, and they put their laundry out on whatever they could: temporary lines, posts and so on, and the wind would come along and blow some of it away. And the story is that the surveyors in the early days, when they were surveying the dam, would take their showers, their baths, in the muddy Colorado River and then come out in the sun and let it dry and whisk it off. That is just a story, but that’s how bad it was. And I believe probably nearly every Sunday, we drove out to the town to see what had been done during each week, and at one time, there was a visitor here; she was an aviatrix, and she was being shown the dam and so on by some officials. And my husband and I had the pleasure of joining that group, and we went up in a big, I’ll call it a corral, I big hoist that hoisted you up and down into the very bottom of the dam. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 15 Was it like an elevator? No, no, a big square piece, just like a corral other than it moved, wood flooring and fenced around like that, and you climbed over that. They took the workmen down on the side of the dam who scaled the rocks to make the dam. They went down there to the bottom of the dam, which was exciting, and then not too far away was a small blast, which really shook you up. Not too many people were allowed down there or had the opportunity unless they had business—real business. Your husband got down there, is that the way you got to see it? No, we got down because of the people. Oh. I can’t remember the name of this aviatrix, but she later married someone that worked at the dam. And also, a member of this group—there were six of us—was a high scaler, and he caught a high scaler who had lost his balance and was falling down and broke his fall and rescued him. Oh no. Of course, I did not witness that. That would have been frightening. The road from Las Vegas to Boulder City was quite a dangerous road, ‘cause the traffic people came in from the dam to Las Vegas, who made their home here, and there was a lot of traffic, which caused accidents. We had people living on the highway, Whitney—I believe it’s still on a little spot called Whitney, Nevada—and there was another place a few miles down, a couple of miles or so down, called Midway, which would be considered midway from here to Henderson, I think. That was quite a town. And on this highway, we had an old post office where the people of that area got their mail. There are people who camped, in other words, and at one time we had a UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 16 flood in that area, rain that flooded that area, and people’s belongings were washed a distance away, not too far, everything soaked. The— I just can’t imagine how people lived around here without any air conditioning. Oh, yes they did. Air conditioning was not known. They had electric fans, and people who lived here before the Depression and during the Depression that had funds always left for the summer, and mother and children left for the summer, and some of them going up to Mt. Charleston. Mt. Charleston was not very populated at that time, but they would go up there and camp. People took their mattresses and put them out on their lawns to get a comfortable night’s rest, then occasionally we’d have a cloudburst, and everybody would struggle along picking up our mattress and taking it in the house. From electric fans, there were all sorts of little arrangements of getting cool, such as little reservoirs carrying water with webbing, which would soak up the water, and an electric fan at that back would breeze through and cool off your house. Then we had the swamp coolers at the side of your house that people built and built a little square box with an excelsior and electric fan with the holes coming through at the top to wet the excelsior. Those days where water was very cheap, you could use all the water you wanted for two dollars a month. Then, of course, we had swamp coolers put on the top of your houses or at the side of your house—now, of course, with electric heat pumps, etcetera. People didn’t seem to mind the heat too much. As you get more comforts, why, the more you think you have to have a need to make you comfortable. Workmen perspired freely, their work uniforms and so on becoming quite soaked. But it wasn’t considered too much of a hardship to bare that heat. People probably wouldn’t have moved here if they thought it was going to be a hardship. It’s kind of amazing to think this place has just grown so much. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 17 Of course, the changes, atmospheric changes—we have more humidity because of the waters used for domestic purposes and lawns, etcetera. We didn’t have humidity in the early days like we do now; if we did, I didn’t notice it. And you drove around in your cars with your windows open, and then came along a little car cooler that you put on the glass door of your car, and it had a little trough and asbestos webbing, and you just used a cord to keep moving it to get both sides saturated—first one side and then the other side. I think it’s funny everybody has to exist with air conditioning today. We keep ours on all the time. Sure. The railroad was a little small building; it had a lot of fancy car, what do you call it, freeze work? Yeah, I guess so. And real old-fashioned with a big stove in the middle of the waiting room, and the train rumbled in and shook the building, shook the buildings close by. For some recreation, you went to see the people come in from the, met the railroad train and gave the people landing here a happy smile and a hello. How often did the trains come in? I don’t remember exactly. And there were two sidewalks leading up from Main Street to the railroad, where the Union Plaza now stands with iron railing, each side of the sidewalks. Then, politicians and people interested in the growth of the town, etcetera, would congregate there for just a little walk or breath of air and discuss their politics and their business (unintelligible), put their heels on the railing, sit there—that wouldn’t be very complimentary, would it? But it was an old-time town. UNLV University Libraries Stella Fleming 18 An awful lot of towns in Nevada just sort of came and disappeared; Las Vegas seemed to stay here, that was kinda nice. [Tape ends, recording resumes on additional tape midsentence] In Las Vegas. But it still continued, and it’s grown. What do they do in those shops? They repair the trains and anything that goes wrong on the trains that go back and forth, have engineers and maintenance men and so on in these shops. Where did they move them to? Caliente. Where is that? Well— There’s not much of it there anymore, is there? I can’t describe how—it’s in Lincoln County. Oh, yeah, that’s quite a ways from here, isn’t it? In Lincoln County, and Caliente is a railroad town. I don’t know what it’s developed into now. There’s the girls school for wayward girls, state girls school in