University of Nevada, Las Vegas law school establishment: correspondence, newspaper clippings, and reports

Page 2

UMVERSITY TIMIVS November, 1973

Opinion: law or lively arts for UNLV

Master of Fine Arts degree must leave the state.

UNR and UNLV have good art legislators have missed the mark. Clark County residents for academic departments with offerings in painting, prestige and an improved image, then the sculpture and related disciplines. We have Nevada's law students deserve the legislators are doing a disservice to the departments of speech and drama. best the state can offer. Having the citizens of the state's most populous Students can study dance, a stepchild of acquaintance and counsel of the county. How a three-year law college for physical education. They can learn radio distinguished men and women who attend 125 students could be the focus of com­ and television production and per­

come in Nevada. At UNLV, the college could emphasize cinematography and television performance and production. The talented professionals who live in Las Vegas could contribute their expertise. The gifted and famous who star in Las Vegas show rooms might function as visiting faculty, advisers and benefactors.

The University of Nevada could not exceed the quality of Julliard's music curriculum, Utah's dance curriculum or UCLA's TV-motion picture curriculum overnight. But if UNLV made a good beginning, persons considering those schools in smoggy, overcrowded cities, might well opt for Las Vegas instead.

Possibly Nevada could use more lawyers. UNR seems the most desirable, economical place for a graduate program for them.

But in a troubled world, we also need those who can entertain, amuse, enrich and inspire. UNLV could be the perfect place to train them.

If the law school is being established dollar available for education is precious. on the Las Vegas campus because it's in If the lawschool is beingestablished at

the best interests of the students, then the UNLV to satisfy some vague yearning by

UNR's National College of the State Ju­ munity pride in a vital, exciting city like formance, but these are not courses of

diciary and National Council of Juvenile Court Judges would be a clear advantage.

Las Vegas passes understanding. study within a single department. Music has separate departmental status. There

One wonders if Las Vegans have are still no classes in cinematography. Las Vegas in anticipation of promised considered an alternative academic Whatever financial or administrative financial support in the south, then the program—a program that could attract difficulties may present themselves, the national attention and serve more than 125 dedicated staffs in each of these areas are students on a budget no larger than the meeting the needs of increasing numbers $500,000 estimated by Justice David Zenoff of students while enriching their com­ as the annual operating expense of the law munities with performing art productions

Ifthe lawschool is beingestablished in

legislators are guilty of fiscal irrespon­ sibility.

The Reno campus already has an accredited law library valued at $5W,000, a $1 2 million judicial college building and the nucleus of a law faculty. Duplicating these facilities and services at UNLV, whether with public or private funds, is a waste of money at a time when every

school—a program suited to Las Vegas' and exhibits of fine arts.
unique resources and superbly consonant Perhaps a College of Fine Arts, ser­ with UNLV's newPerforming Arts Center. ving both campuses, embracing these

The University of Nevada system has related fields and providing cohesive no Collegeof Fine Arts.Students seeking a administration, is an idea whose time has

CITIZENS AD HOC COMMirTEE FOR A TAW SCHOOL 1515 Westwood Drive, Las Vegac, Nevada

LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION: LAW SCHOOL POTENTIALITIES

Law schools are usual components of a state university. For instance, this is true of all Big Ten Universities—with the single exception of Purdue University, which began as an agricultural and technical school. The state universities of the Pacific coast also have established law schools, and in the Rocky Mountain area the Universities of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming all include them. In Arizona both the University of

Arizona and Arizona State University each have a law school.

Role and Importance
In most mature universities, the law school is a major unit in profes­

sional education. Not only does the law school provide access to professional careers for young adults, but it also is an important aid to practitioners in

the field as it brings them seminars and short courses to up-date them con­ cerning new developments in the field of law.

Moreover, it is important to all members of the community who engage
the services of an attorney. The University law library as a nearby resource center for attorneys can allow them more efficiently and cheaply to research

unusual points of law for their clients. Since knowingly or unknowingly all who engage the services of attorneys must pay their counsels'

research expenses, many members of the general community directly benefit from the presence of a law school.

Furthermore, a law school is useful to the total campus and community. A modern law school like that of the University of Utah does not exclusively

regular teaching assignments, teach the business law, environmental'or con­ sumer law, and some law enforcement classes to students of various colleges

of the University.

General Statement of Need
There are two factors of outstanding importance causing the current

unprecedented awakening of interest in legal training throughout the United States. First, despite the recently falling birth rate, the rapid growth
of population into the university student category (age 18-22) will continue into the twenty-first century. Second, there is a great rise in the demand

^-£5—services because of the growing complexity of governmei^al,

business, and particularly social affaj^rs, and a mounting concern that

Americans of all elements of the population should have opportunity to obtain needed legal assistance.

The 149 law schools approved by the American Bar Association have recently increased their total enrollment, but have cut the size of their freshmen classes by 2.9 percent, that is from 36,171 students last year to 35,129 this year. This decrease in freshmen occurred because most law
schools have overadmitted new students in the recent past, and their enroll­ ment had swelled beyond their capacity. In addition, flunkouts and dropouts have declined. This situation reflects full capacity at existing law schools and inability to accommodate increasing volume of applicants.

There is now an unmet need for opportunity to attend law school for Nevada students. In 1972, a committee of interested citizens made inquiries

with the purpose of determining the need in the state for such a facility. They sent letters from a P.O. Box (for anonymity) to each high school in Nevada inquiring about the number in each class that indicated to counselors

1 Higher Education and National Affairs,"January i9, 1973 ' ' ' '•

2

an interest in law school. The total response was:

Sophomores - 100 Juniors - 113 Seniors - 118

Distribution by areas polled: Clark County

47.43% Reno 25.37%

Remainder of state -
A Department of Education study of data concerning 9th to 11th graders in

Nevada reported that 447 listed law as their first career choice and 315 indicated law as their second choice.^ The number of pre-law students at UNLV who can be identified as such totals 100 at present. UNR may have approximately as many. Therefore, the need for a law school to serve the aspirations of Nevada's youth is clearly demonstrated.

Difficulties of Access

Formerly if a Nevada college graduate had the financial means he could gain admission to some accredited law school. Now many schools have 8 to 10 applicants for each opening and 20 or more applicants for each opening may

soon become the norm.'^ At present a B or B+ grade average and an L.S.A.T. (pre-law) score in the top 20% is required. Unless law school capacities
are expanded, eligibility standards may soon demand a straight A or A- averagej coupled with an L.S.A.T. score in the top fifth or tenth percentile.^ The present outlook for prospective law students is hopeful for only a relative

2 Citizens Ad Hoc Law School for Nevada Committee study

3 Department of Education Study
4 59 American Bar Association Journal 62, January 1973 5 Ibid

331

27.20% ^

3

few; only those at the top of their college classes can qualify. Meanwhile, other good applicants are being denied access.

Added to these conditions Nevada residents must bear an additional and almost insurmountable burden. Typically, state schools give admission preference to their own residents. For example, the University of Montana Law School now admits no non-Montana residents. A state statute enacted in 1971 does not allow admission of a non-resident when his admittance would

exclude a qualified resident student. Other western law schools have not gone so far as to codify their non-resident exclusion policies, but a study of their enrollments reveals few Nevadans. The University of Oregon has one

Nevadan, a third—year student. No Nevadans have been admitted during the

g
last two years. The University of Idaho has no Nevadans enrolled, and the

University of New Mexico has no Nevada law students.Q The University of Arizona at Tucson has one second-year and one third—year Nevada student enrolled,and no Nevadan has been admitted since 1971. U.C.L.A. admitted

its last Nevadan in 1970.^^ Until last year Utah recruited Nevadans. The Universxty of Utah does have 14 Nevadans but there is no breakdown by year.^^ If their admissions follow the same pattern as the other schools surveyed, in all probability only one or two or perhaps none was admitted in 1972.
In view of this bleak situation, last year four desperate' Nevadans applied
to the University of Mississippi Law School but none was admitted.

6 RevisedCodesofMontana75-8601(2)
7 Letter of 18 December, 1972. Admissions Officer 8 Letter of 5 December, 1972. Dean
9 Letter of 6 December, 1972. Assistant Dean

10 Letter of 1 December, 1972. Admissions Officer
197J^°^ ^ February, 1972, and personal inquiry. Admissions Officer 11 Januarj

12 Letter of 28 November, 1972, Academic Secretary; and Letter of 11 December "197 Assistant Dean '

13 Letter of 20 September, 1972. Dean

In brief, the, foregoing indicates that even theN eva d a students are being precluded from obtaining a legal education. Those students are being denied the opportunity to become members of the legal profession. This has serious consequences to them and their parents. Additionally, Nevada as a

state will suffer for in the future the Bar will be composed of virtually all non-Nevadans. Many citizens feel that the present Bar is even now too remote

from the people. If no law school is opened Nevada's legal system will be dom­ inated by non-natives only vaguely in touch with the needs of Nevadans.

Costs
In general, of a ll types of professional schools a law school is the

least costly—much less than medical or dental schools, and only modestly more than most doctoral programs in the arts and letters.

First, in reference to physical plant, a building to house classrooms, faculty offices and a law library would probably cost a million dollars in terms of 1973 construction.^^ However, since law schools do not require laboratories and special equipment, already existing campus buildings could temporarily house law school operations. During biennium 1975-77, the UNLV campus plans replacement of its overcrowded library, enabling reassignment of a modern structure needing only minor adaptation as a law school facility.

Second, the only specialized instructional resource' that a law school needs is a library having an initial collection of 40,000 volumes costing approximately $500,000 in 1966-67 prices. Probably ten per cent should be added to this figure for inflation of prices to date.^^ Library acquisitions would be phased over a three year term.

14 "Guideline Statement on the Establishment of New Law Schools" (Association of American Law Schools, Washington, D. C. 1972) pp 15-16

15 "Guideline Statement on the Establishment of New Law Schools." p . 18

Third, operating costs for the first year can be realistically estimated. Probably the smallest practical basis for the opening class would be 40 students.

Based on this first year enrollment, the initial year's operating cost would be:

6 faculty salaries (inc. a Dean) 3 classified employees Equipment, supplies, and travel First 1/3 of basic library Scholarships

$150,000 18,000 20,000 150,000 5,000 $343,000

By the third year, with 110 students as a result of attrition in first two classes, operating costs would be:

11 faculty (inc. Dean)
5 classified employees Equipment, supplies and travel Last 1/3 of basic Library Scholarships

The fourth year (at full scale) and thereafter:

11 faculty (inc. Dean)
5 classified employees Equipment, supplies and travel Annual increment for Library Scholarships

$275,000 30,000 40,000 150,000 10,000 $505,000

$285,000 31,000 40,000

60,000 10,000 $426,000

If it were desired to enlarge the student body, the faculty to students ratio of 1:15 would be the best guide to expanded costs.^^

***********

Thus from the standpoint of both need and cost it appears to the Citizens Ad Hoc Committee to obtain a Law School for Nevada that the establishment of this facility in the near future is a wise investment of state resources.
A law school deserves the serious consideration and study of all state officials.

16 Above figures are given or derived from information in "Guideline Statement on the Establishment of New Law Schools."

6

THOMAS A. FOU.KY JOHN F. FOLKY

FATJ. riTZGIBBONS

FOLEY BROTHERS

LAWorricEa
LAB VEOAB, NEVADA BBIOS

December 30, 1974

TELEPMONE 73A-IIA7 AREA CODE 70a

^'i

J.

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am one of many legal secretaries, all of whom wish to enroll in a Las Vegas, Nevadan accredited law school to pursue a complete or portion of law school course and, combined with a like number of UNLV students. Bank and title officers, com.prise a sufficient number of students to complete the necessary number for a first year law school class.

On behalf of this group of people, I should like to make this personal appeal to you, before you are deluged with requests for myriad other deserving bills presented to the 1975 Legislature, for your favorable consideration and vote on the law school at Las Vegas, Nevada, the same to be established at the earliest possible convenience, and, hopefully, by 1976.

The reasons for the establishment of a law school have been presented by many more learned persons than I, among them being:

Nevada and Alaska are the only two remaining states which do not have law schools and, I have heard it represented, that Alaska is participating in the WICHI program, and that for law school studies, WICHI is not available to Nevadans.

A law school would provide a forum for practicing attorneys to continue to pursue their legal educations.

A law school would improve the quality of our environment as well as law enforcement.

We are coming to live in an increasingly complex world. Practically everyone needs to be educated in the law in order to be enabled to handle their own private affairs.

The law that will be teached, commencing in 1976, would not be competitive to attorneys now practicing because day by day the law and laws are changing and those practicing now have not had the benefit of studies of, for example, pension reform law, environmental law, prison law, law for the middle classes. Uniform Crime Victims Reparations Act,

other Uniform laws, etc. etc. etc.

By way of biography, many of you know me personally
as having been for 20 years a legal secretary to various of the Foley Brothers, starting out with Roger D. Foley, formerly District Attorney, Clark County; later Attorney General, State of Nevada, and presently Chief Judge, United States District Court for the District of Nevada.

I have also been a legal secretary for Joseph M. Foley, George Foley, John P. Foley, and am presently, legal secre­ tary to Thomas A. Foley.

I have attended two and a half years of law school, nites, at Loyola School of Law in Los Angeles, California and
in continuing education, insofar as able, have taken and passed the Professional Legal Secretary examination; have taught a Legal Secretarial course at Education Dynamics Institute; have lectured on Business Law in the Certified Professional Secretary courses at Community College; and have enrolled in the Legal Assistant courses which have been made available.

I have researched the advisability of taking various corres­ pondence courses, which are recognized in California, but which would not allow me to take the Nevada Bar even if I successfully passed said correspondence courses.

I have been a resident of Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada and am only one of hundreds who have been deprived of the opportunity of attending law school in Nevada and becoming a practicing attorney while a resident of Nevada.

I think that the best forum for Nevadans to be taught the Law of the State of Nevada is in the State of Nevada, at Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada.

I for one do not require an imposing edifice and would be eternally grateful if even a log cabin type structure could
be made available. If it were good enough for Abraham Lincoln, I am sure it would be adequate enough for me.

1472 Sombrero, Apt. 3 Las Vegas, Nevada 89109

Respectfully yours

Frances Eleanor Ellis Senior Legal Secretary

A- A.

It is also irnrort- c-.no xo.^' us as law students to|remain imuartial as to where

She reouirenent$ for a lavr sehool accepted by the Amer- •i '"•••

±CB:II fiar Assn, are: | i . . ii

1. „

5.

4. 5 .

A lavr library accredited by the AM - ^ 350.000.00 ^.9-<eop jiees- aDout ,.^ 50,000.00 rer vear. ClanBroone f - ^ •

Operating erreneec-I about ^ 500-700 thousand uer vc-^ A m ^actlce oo-r^:-trnor. .A

On
rnent of a lax; school in the S'catA o:"" H ovda v-ilJ. be -nrcsent- ed ro tne hevada Leyisla.fare by Justice .'David Zenoff of the henada burreme Court. One bill rilj, asb for a lay school in

Reno and.the other will asic for a law school in las v'evas. Senator Joe heal of Olarb County also ulans to present a,n

additional law school bill at the next session.
SijUd.enos are not "uopally ansare of our position a,s

ore-law ctiidcrts in Hevada. |lo bcyin with, hevada is one of

seven states including Alaska, Hawaii, Verront, Rhode Island, Deleware and New Hampshire that has no state supported law school. I have sent letters to .these states to innuire as

"CO \7n.at fory-s of a-ssistance aye available to theTr la^^^ stu- I

students, I do know that Hawaii now has a law school tinder i

constiniction. Many of the Jlew Enylai^d states also offer co-operative rroyraiis for all: yew England law s-budents. As

you may or may not know, jvewsda has no aid to law students at present, i

^The two ?_aw school billsi were "oro-no.sed so that the

Governor and Justice aprio-df ce-n rVo-i-c- ,
.....I..U-.X t Sba.,y in a. neutrax posit-

January 20, 1973 tro "M ils asbiny for the estabxish-

ion when approaching, the Lecpblatiw-e. i"

•T^ -2 th e la.rr, Rohool \o-oee. We mu-^t ^be ln-na:-;-tia], in orden to e.void

al.ienatin/^ any L eyielato-s. j don't '-•are if the .la.v^ school is in lononau/^ as lond as we|yet one in the•state.

Why? J^ast Spriny 15A.oodi s-budents took the law School Admission Test •across the couip-ry. Of the s'tadents taking the ISAT, 30:-000 couldn't yet into a law school. Stanford. University turned dov.n A^OOO.t.prl.icants le^st Snrina. If vou. want to go 'bo Stanford it rcic:it be intorestin.g to note that no ITevC-da pre-law studen-b has ever been a,ccet)ted. at Stan-'"^'-"- ford. We did get a .siTadent into Harvatrd last year, but he was a genius.. The LSATwas a ven th is c^'ear .a.t UITLV. The

esults u.'ere staggering. Avra-cently only one stude'-'t scored over 500.. lu i-s •es-c-UTiated .in^^Bacrcon's Ouide to Law^Scl^Gls mat it takes about 600 to 700 to .yet into Harvard or Stan- -o.?d. lb nakes one tniiUc where he or she cs^n go.

Oos'G? A year at Stanford, if yoi,i did g;et in would cost ^ 1,575 rer year -for tuition,' Harvard runs 0 1,750 uer year for tuj-tion. I-won't cover the sta-be sup-norted schools in other states becaoise the competition is iust too severe un­ less you. are a resident.

So you know someone? Porget it if .A.ri.sona is your bag.

One of o\ir students got back a,n apnlieation this year from

U o.L A s.c Tuscon -uia-rked, "no references.," There goes the

theory, "it's who you,know." ^ ,( •.j;

Po-r the above rejasona, Jrastice Zenoff -and many other Uevadans, inc '.uding Governor 0'Oallal-ian, have recocgiised- the need for a larr school in the State of Uevada. i bel­ ieve a detailed accohnt showing the benifits of both bill-s

being presented v/ill give yoij an insight into the ad.vanta.ges and drawbacks of 'each rlan. ;

If the lar. Bchool p;oes .In Rerao. a ixcivate foundation whoBe iie-m-e cannot- "be revealed!at "nrecent donate one Fj.llion dollars torard the estahlishrent of a lav.'- school

inReno. Also,thereisal.readys.I'-v/l.iD?caryintheilorth that is accepted by the A.BA.- i

Also in the north, is the national Council of Juvenile Coiirt Justices which is recoyhi.sed as the .fountainhead in

riuvenile justice across the iTation, In the north is the Co].lec:e of hs.tional Jr.ial Judyes. She othor factor is that the seat of Nevada -governmentj is in the North. Many dis­ count this beca.use lav/ students only study dead law in'raost la-r schools. One of the planb for the curriculum for our

law sciiool, however, night be:a revolutions.ry method of instruction inclu.dind; ivso years of dead low and the ,final year devoted cvclvisivcly to cp..inioal Is.w with worTr in the field. In this c'aso, being npar the scat of gevcrnmcnt a.nd these tv./o dip>tin,guished lfe,w colleges would be inval­ uable. f

••j

In the North some operai-iing expenses v/ould also be ^ ..i:

svarllable. In addition, I hdvo been informed that all of

i|
the ?i.aw libra.ries in the North, woul.d be at the rlisBosal of

the Is.w st-c.dents. The only rondltion is that Nevada must n.articirate in the nlan in order to get all of the f-n.nds offered. Soendsthe:Northerqh"olan.

BILL B: 2HB SOTJIH
Ihe anonymous donor to the North, ouite frankly, may

not doiicSte to the Southern pl|?.n. We -don*t Irnow the rea­

sons, but it is-his money. .Southern Neva-da has no trial •colleges and it is not the cejiter of government. If the

la.?/ nchool rnes in the Sonth-jl tho State v?ill haare to irif^ot aJ.l of the opera.tijijf;; emenoes nnl bss some donors here match the offerB of the.Honth.'1

Mr, oerry- Mack has rrpjBised that if the law school is naneci for nis fctther he v/ill donate the S 350,000 for a law

in Las Vegas., The fehlcrs that ha.ve been sent out so far seeiTi to indicate, tha.t the -oeople in, the South may not donate heavily to a law schoo>1 here.

nT

1••^ il

Perha-os the biguest issuie to be coicnuered is that of

•I
sectionalism, as we o il knov/.l fliat is why vie as studc'-its

i•
BList reiTxain completely non-osttisan'as to placement of the :

law school carn.mis. Ihe Oovepnor and Justice Zenoff have de- elded to simply present the bills, and le t the legislature decide where the.school goes. Since we need the sunnort
of a ll the legislators throughout the state, we maist also

be coirhiletely non-nartisan or there will be no law school. lo .starct classes we wi)uld need .sir fu ll •nrofessors ascd

one dean, the estima,ted cost ifor a' three year •nrogram v/ou3.d be ^ 500-700 thousand dollar.s ;her year. However, a.s Justice Zenoff has pointed cat, v/e on3.y need a one yes-r progrcam to start with v/hich-.would be considerably .less than that. We would s.lmply taaild b;/ a,dding a year as we go giving us a.
fuJ.l three year procyam in th ee years,. As .far as cla.ssrooms, no specially ecuipped classrocms are needed. Ihe only ad- ditional. special' facili-tles nteeded'would be a courtroom for trials and a la.w'library.

What can you do? Plent , and if you don't sict now
our chances for a law school will wo out the window. Pirst.

contacp your, representatives
leave for Carson City. Let thom know that yoi,i want a.nd need

before January 15, when they

a law school aij'd yen don't cdre where they -nut it, iviakc it

yo'<ij? buscneor to ;c8>ll tliem at least onco a -roek a.nd write

them at least one letter, O'lio invalu^ab?.e method to get

the nessage s,o:cosc is to ask i!for a rrivate meeting at their

coiTwenience to talk over the j:idea, xhis is your riyht and

'y

I Inave contactec: the heijlo camnus and they are also get- tin y in .touch w ith th e ir leg-isl^to^^-s, vie can only succeod
if v;e Imve a, concerted ncn-oartisan effort. Your voice can

make the difference,I For God's sake get out and use i t , Ihave contacted all ofjthe legislators andIhave only

heard frora one coiripletel;/ negative legislator in the whole croT'd, Our ;iob w ill be to educate the rest of the legi.s- lators to the fact that we need a law school re.guardless of the location, Ihe Governor and a ll of the Regents also are

now in favor of a Isw school wh'reven it is.

i"

At our raeeting kriday we :w ill have some 15-20 le,gis- Ictors coming to hear why_we want a law school and to "rr-^e-

sent their ideas on the s.ub-''ect. \7e need a lot of •crorle there if we are going to .t.r.rrresr; them, Bo nans, arou.nd the vjo?''d to a.ll of "!-our friends so tiiat tlicv w ill be thore. llii is our chance for a law school in Eevsvla. If we don't >get. together we'll blov." it. If vie are successful we could have a law school in .'operation wi'cjh no trouble w ithin a year or less.

So yre believe that ever;*.•one "ceally warts a law school for Hevada, Ihe onl^/' rroblem •(•'•ill- be tha'b of sectionalism ,

lo guard again.s't nolarisatioii- we must not seek or get any •oubj.icitv o.t al3-, •'.ihis is bpcause if the "oublic fcund oui

if a ll of those interested in <a D.avr school for lievada ez- ercise it the legislators wil3. have to nay attention,

i:hcy v/ould iTnn.edis/oely nte.yt ^ eoeirae* yr aidep. arr! o""*"**eeyee

T/oxild bc'loet, 'Onee the hill
Pray miD'^..i?ity really vron't hryt nr. ar the "bil.l trill already''

DC in thovorlcs. So'r>3.ear.ei
or far a.p the raernhc-'^vS.oi the.ifreoBe. p.nd the ptihlic are con

cerpned. nleare he niiiet.

'"'•ets or the iloor on la.nuary 20

e p-.etiye, ho non.-p3,rti38,n, a.nd

I'ore inrPorriiation call

'Temry Marren
1339"I?. 3th St.
iT. JiPr Veya.B, irev?-da

6A9-7335

89030

I.

2.

3. It is projected that by 1978-79 there will be1
214,000 L.S.A.T. papers graded 75'^ ^

48,000 First year students enrolled

Most State Universitys and strong private law schools received 10 to 15 applications per first»-year class positions available.

5. Capacity of the approved law schools to receive first-vear law students is exhausted.

197^ Existing Law Schoolst About 40,000 Admitted
130,000" L.S.A.T. Tests Taken

110,000 Applied
Of the 110,000 who applied probably 20,000 were well qualified. ^

The National number of first-year law students has doubled from 1960-1970.

6.
7. Factors contributing to capacity enrollment.

1973-74 = Virtually no empty seats in approved law schools.

A.

Population growth (continuing relationship between 22 year olds to first year law students)

B.
Mid-60's = a few hundred
1969-70 = 2,500
1973-74 = 7,601
Substantial increase in female law students. 1963 = 1,883
1973 = 16,760

Larger number minority group law students. 0.

D.
compared to continued relatively strong law graduate place­

Relative slowdown in other professional field placement

ment. 7

E.

College poll re: career objectives,/.aw

Dissatisfaction with society's organization (earlier campus riots gave way to interest in change thru the system via the channel of law).

^EAR

1966-67 1971 1973

^NIORS
Males ---- FRESHMEN

7.1 %

/ Females / Males / Females / 1.2 % 5.9 % T T T

6.7 % 2.5 %

1973 Nearly 11 % B.A's registered with L.S.D.A.S. seeking law school admissions for 1973-74.

10,

11

ihere could be a substantial number less (applicants) and

still have sizeable excess of truly qualified law school candidates.

Immediate future 5 years will show continued absolute increase

and continued acute shortage of available student positions (as much as 3 times positions Svailablt in app?o?ed

schools and 8 to 10 times as many for state universities).

National Need

I

-V

M=+-

?? 60 believed higher than reported) enrolled is closer figure probable

f

National Need (Cent)

12. Past growth in number of our society's lawyers and ability of our society to absorb. US- <

1951 = 1 J 696 citizens '

1970 = 1 J 572 citizens (still strong demand for law grads) v^-rx^ ^

13. There are now 156_A3A approved law schools. At present rate, it would require/nearly 50 new law schools with first year classes of I50 /ach to handle qualified applicants and receive the additional^,000 new students predicted by 1978-79,

. STATE NEED beneficial to law school Establishment

Population doubled since i960 zs" •? Increasing-percentage of natTve-born population (hiaher

birth rate - lower death rate than Lt'1 a^eraaf)

Increasing population stability veragej. Highly Urbanized = 80.9 % (9th nationally in I970)

2. 1972-73 Nevada L.S.A.T. Applicants
/'^9? took LSAT and registered with T..c:nA<? -

j yoo applications were filed {avp-rncro—7^ c ^

. p

, \

^^"f^+^eSollld^f number accepted by more than^one^school)

was !:i I thuS^^^^^^^ ^ 1972-72 Nevada had approx. ^000 22 year olds which <?hn.nH

H- in first year Lrschool -effect1 Fewer young Nevadans are trying to study law,

Fewer young Nevadans are securing admission

law school than one would expect. 3. ContributingFactors

''stImuIation''?o^S?Sdy ?aw!^'' examples, thus laclc of °r out-of-state to law school.

T""ion. 2,200 U. of Calif. System

High I*722 (602LSAT. 3.05 GPA) + -4.1 , 3.10^ Stanford

These tuitions make total cost from .^4 000 tn ftv onn Ire^accepter"^^^"^® students.'eien if toer"'

Fragmentary Survey - UNLV 130 Responses

Law school and would attend one ?'• Would NOT he able to attend Law School out-of-state.(tu^hU

CAUSES I
A) Cost

B.) Quota's. Active discrimination by most schools against non-resident applicants. Restriction from 0 to 25^

onl^p'or^^n ^^974 poll [nSicateS ^ only 9 or 10 schools didn't restrict non-resident

RESrrmq v 33 did {15^ mean)) resident nabULTSt Young Nevadan wi-t-h „ u_

Isw scnools making task of winnii-irr aa • 1

even mona Hif-Pn«.,i+ v ^
evenmore difficult because of shear numbers of to+oi

a^^air' Students SHOULD win apceotanpe to law f+® • ^

young peoole generally but in fart v.Q ^ sa-me rate as Thus?lackofogogrtunltrforifwatuSf^T" SHdogggTr/f^

Nevada resldentS'of sufficient abil?^S^«^Ji" to the entire state as w^U as the'sjjden?.

-"TMic"'^S?art^|:s"?ls'u?tIi5

Lr^yijl ~~^

PnovfHo^°+ logal studies and research. Provide states own law-trained graduates.

Benefits and service of professional school. State will receive a variety of capabilities

fhr^Lte'i^Sr^rsren InrftrSSllJiftra^i^o;;^

^

STATE 3ENEPTT

" •

?Lro?SpEir'"® f?ew^iaS;^:^i!^"^" "«ived

B. law of landlord & tenant C. law of real estate finance

. laws regarding environmental orotection Es laws regarding land-use planning*

T-asK 01 winning admission

STATE BENEFIT (cont.^

?FV increase in economic activity

vlc'eillTtltu^l industrial development) benefits will be received thru research regarding. . .

A. law of corporations
B. law of securities regulation

C. law of commercial transactions
8. Research of system of criminal justice and its administration,

sjltif Nevadl!^ scholars have a vital stake in the legal

COMMUNITY BE]MEFJT(Attorneys) 1. Most of the same benefits as would be received by the state.

2. Adequate library facilities (Clark Co. Law Library incomplete). 3. Public Service Projects

4. Community Attorneys
A. Improve legal system

B. Continuing education
C. Improved research capabilities

'• nai^Su®^^^® {32kresponsesto1974question-

7.

A.

B.

C.

Legal profession concentrated in urban areas. 1/3 practice as individuals.
W are with partners or professional corp.

D.

IT —J •

F.

orientation.

2.) Taxation
3«) Administrative Law

6. Benefitminorities*
28,000 Negroes in Nevada

241,000 Women in Nevada
recognizes that some of the most effective

sklus?f or^iwii i^i^a^i^g^awySrr®

9. Adequate Library Paoilitiesi Clark Co. Ldw Library incomplete.

S'

1.

GENERAL BSNEFITS

Law School serves needs of society by providing law-trained

•oersons to administer the justice system for all members of society.

2.

3* Professional training for public leadership.

Provide additional legal services, especially to lower income groups,

6.

7.

8.

Provides independent source of critical analysis of court woric, and legislature and administrative agencies.

Professional ed. opportunity to citizens,particularly lower income group.

5.
to or with special character in Nevada^

Provide legal training and study of important problems peculiar

Possible para-professional training.

Assistance of legislature, judiciary and public administration.

9.
administer and enforcei constitutional citizen's rights,

Education of police and civil authorities regarding laws thev

10, Educate undergraduates, high school students and general public about workings of legal system in democratic society,

1,

Enrich university image.
Opportunity for interdisciplinary research.
Almost no segment of scholarship and learning is foreign to

system! provide endless resourses to entire University

Law faculty and students contribute to policy formation legislation drafting projects along with other disciplines,

2, 3,

5.

1. Exoect continued growth in numbers (some leveling off because of even more needed to affect percentage change"?

UnlveJslly®affji?s!"^ Community to -due process of law" in

FUTURE - GROWTH

UNIVERSITY BENSFTTG

Projected population of Nevada 1980 - 777,000

1990 - 1,082,000 (16 yrs. .will almost double todays size) 2000 — 1,319>000 ^ U\^3 —

2020 - 1,56^,OnO~(^1-6 yrs will more than triple todays size)

Population distribution - area rate variations Most growth - Clark Go. 1970 = 55.9 % 1980 = 62.7 %

Fast growth - Washoe, Carson, Douglas

Growth in Casino-Resort industries. A. increased gaming tax revenues B. increased employment

C. incomes in "support" industries
1970-73 Employment in Nevada increased 3 1/2 times national rate

1970-73 Employment in Las Vegas increased 2 3/^4- times nat'l rate 1970-73 Employment in rest of Nev. increased 4 1/2 times nat'l

rate.

ClarkCo.arearapidpopulationgrowth(statespopulation), demanding expanding justice systems, courts, prosecutors, legal aid programs aided by clinics and intern programs in the

FUTURE - NEED and

, : . . EMPLOYMENT Increased admissions due to . . .

A. Larger population of young people.
B. Interest in law of minority and women. . /

C. Interest in public service opportunities.
It is believed that the Bar can absorb additi^ial~~graduate¥7~~'

fJom^'^schoofcareers canabsorbadditionalgrads.

Employment prospects for 1970s & 1980s Law graduates.

1970 - Attorney total in U.S. = 355 2^2 )

^^00 ~ Enrollment in ABA approved schools =*106,102 ) ^'3 or 4- 1973 - Law Degrees awarded = 27,756

1973 "• Persons admitted to the practicing Bar = 30,075

Below you will find the answers to the following questions.

wC present system can they be gainfully employed? • What will happen to the status of the Bar?

o suffer from an oversupply of attorneys?
. Although demand for lawyers is increasing, is its rate

rapid enough to absorb the supply?
? Areallfieldsofpracticeadequatelystaffed.
? Areallareas(geographically)adequatelystaffed.

FUTURE - GROWTH (cont)

6. ANSWERS

FUTURE - NEED and EMPLOYMENT

Consider the following in answer to the before

F.

foreseeable future, more legally-trained men and women than can be satisfactorily and productively employed."

1973-724. law graduate placement hard to deduce because of lack of factual information; however, law school placement officers indicate that, due to population growth in certain areas, placement has slowed a bit but market is relatively strong. Placement slower in areas which show greater con* centration of law schools (east coast and Calif.).

Demand for legally trained persons is expected to be sufficient to absorb supply of law grads.

Demand for capacity of law schools expected to.be insufficient to accommodate qualified applicants. C _

Unlikely to be a genuine oversupply in future of legally ed. graduates.

Nevada difficult to predict using national standards since it is not a cross-section of the national economy, ie Recreation over agriculture, mining and industry.

LAWYER POPULATION RATIO
U.S.A. / NEVADA ^^ // J ^

1970... 1,572 1»633 G>f^yo
1.) Of Nevada's 773 attorneys -739 were listed in directory.

°17 of 739 were in Las Vegas & Reno showing' very low

numbers in outlying counties. 2.) Of the 739 listed.

583 = private practice

139 = government service (Exec., Legls., & Judicial) 32 = private corp.

Future needs in Nevada are directly related to population

listed questions.

,

A.
that has NO law school. ^

B.

D.

Most of the startdard arg\irrLPtnts do not apply to a state

j 4-

There is evidence of a change in the system of law. It
is beginning to restructure to meet needs of those not npw > adequately served. ^^ ^

Many law school graduates can and do seek employment in affiliated fields rather than pure practice of law. Ex. corporation legal staffs, law clerks for judges etc.

Employment of lawyers expected to grow moderately thru 1980s.

E.
indicate that there are how, or are likely to be in the

ABA Task Force 1972 "There is no conclusive evidence to

K,
growth.

L.

Nev. experience of past suggests need for legal services will

support placement of substantial numbers of new attorneys each year*

2.

Ihi^i overall predictioni Nevada new lawyers will encounter

nation thru resrof X? aespite different nature of the states economv Ono

vantage Nevada has is the expected economic expansion.

NEVADA'S FUTURE FINANCTAT. STABILIW ^ '

"siding excessiveffion higher ed.compared tootherstates(per-cl[pita^ m c ^ m e T r U - ?

Nevada appears to have adequate economic base - compared with otner small population states supporting law schools.

M.
of society. (As across entitle nation)

Nevada positions will hinge on development of new methods services for very much larger segments

N.

_ exoerience of fast-growing Mountain States Region).

r'

P» PossiblePlacementPositions 1.) Private practice
2.) Trust Officers
3.) Law enforcement personnel ^.) Court administrators etc.

ill SlcSlivJ

Factors that will increase demahd for legal services, j

1.)
2.) economic activity. ana

Demand will grow in direct relation to popu(ation and

3.) Urbanized society draws heavily on those with legal ed. Rural areas also need law services to be increased.

of^;]^6^Q3to 80 new law graduates per year will'^Tind ' places in conventional legal profession (parallel

1.) Large Urban Communities
2.) Rural and smaller communities
3.) Positions wnere law training is useful but not required.

7.) Police affiliated legal staff.
o.) Corrections administrators legal staff

9.) Prosecutor's Office s
10.) Public Defenders Offices to ^

Q. Areas of possible specialization and causes.

2 *i questions (increased population) l!)loSr'SrolcUTM""^ for^?sser\°?Les.

)

6*! 6.)

X'I 9.)

10.) 11.)

.)

Safety

service use by mid-income groups Replace retiring lawyers & other natural openings

goveramental regulation & legislation ^hanging methods of property ownership
Criminal justice ^

Counsel for indigents in misdemeanor cases iixpanded counsel in civil cases

Increased complexity of society in general in litigation

FUTURE - NEED and EMPLOYNIENT ' '

investigation, adjustment

INEVADA'S FUTURE FINANCIAL STABILITY(

3. Nevada's economic growth provides tax resources available for law scnooi support.

in''l960-197oT^^^^^^ percentage personal income growth in Nation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This has been a very brief summary, compiled bv thp CitWonc.
Ad Hoc Law school for UNLV Committee. Uan Goul^ SLiJmi" of portions of the complete and detailed Law School Studv fnA TINTV

which was researched and nut together bv Willard H PLI

? oftheArizonaStateUniversityConegfofSanS'prn^^^;

Seidman, Chairman, Dept of Finance, UNLV, who gave us their greatly appreciated permission to do this paper.

This paper was made as brief as possible for the ranid nco n-f

Following this page are actual pages talcen from the stuHv l+ooie

regarding the capital costs and operating expeLes neJess-r^ ti establish and run a first-class llw schofl! necessary to

i APPENDIX PART VI. BD'DGET PROJECTIONS

Budget Projections.

(a) Budget Projections for the Planning Year
(b) Budgeting for the First-Year Class
(c) Further General Budgetary Projections
(d) Physical Facilities — Temporary and Permanent

Basic Assumptions;

To project costs for the planning year and the first year of operation for a Law School for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, requires certain assumptions concerning the nature and quality of the Law Schoo to be initiated. These assumptions will be the subject of extended comment and explanation in the full Law School Study being prepared for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. For present purposes, the assumptions will be shortly stated:

(1) It is assumed that the planning year might be the fiscal year,_1975-76. To secure the Dean and get the planning activity under way at the beginning of the fiscal year
will require six months or more of lead time. One must take into account the likelihood that the Dean, upon selec­ tion, would probably have present commitments limiting his availability to a part-time or part-year basis. It is probable that the planning period would occupy all of fiscal 1975-76. During 1974-75, provision should be made to cover a salary for the new Dean, or consulting fees for his ser­ vice, during the portion of the year before he is fully

"on board." Some additional funds for travel, secretarial

services and the like may be required. In addition, some \ provision might be required in 1974-75 to begin to plan

( for the perm.anent home to be built for the Law School. Interim costs of the sort just described are not fur-~ ther elaborated. As a rough estimate, $50,000 prob­ ably will cover costs to be encountered in 1974-75, apart from any law building planning costs.

(2) Although the ultimate size of the Law.School, within limits, would not greatly affect the cost of the planning year or tne first year of academic operation, it may be well to state that the Law School envisaged by the Con­ sultants for the University will be the smallish, medium- sized Law School. In concrete terms, an entering class

—70-90-student range is contemplated as appropriate for Nevada, with its population, economic base and probable absorptive capacity for law graduates.

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PBOJECTIOiMS

(3)

A school offering full-time or day classes only is con­ templated. If evening classes were to be added, additional costs would be encountered. Total student numbers would
not seem to justify an evening program. To begin the only Law School in the State of Nevada with both a day and evening division scnool would prejudice the quality of school in absolute terms as respects total financial costs and in

terms of prestige, taking into account of the fact that some evening division schools are not adequately financed

and, accordingly, do not stand high in the world of educa­ tion.

(4)

Althouqh the costs of the Planning Year and the first vear of academic operation would not be much affected, the Law School envisaged for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas,

would be a school adequately financed to undertake what has come to be described as "Law Center" function — embracing, among other things, responsibility for develop-

programs of Continuing Education for the Bar, respon­

sibility for organized legal research to assist the Legis-

lature and other branches of Government and further functions

characteristic of Law Centers. The cost of those added

functions, which extend beyond the central responsibility

of educating law students, will appear most significantly

in budgetary projections for the second and third years of the Law School's operation.

(5)

(6)

(7)

The capital costs for the Law School, notably capital costs

for the Law Library and for the Law Building, are separately treated• c j

The inflation factor as to all items of cost will require adjustment of the figures here presented to take account

on lapse of time between the present projection and the actual incurred expenditures.

The budget figures offered in this Memorandum are intended

bJ
a bfan we?e

^

of other""kev c e r "

financing, even if development should

V unlikely. Even though board at the start of fiscal 1975-76

appreciable delay in recruitment'

?he?e whJ Planninn aoSSJi?? I.

Accordingly, it is likely that substantial underexpenditure in both the

the First Year of Operation. Those

will fade, however, as personnel and program catch up to the planned scope of activity.

APFiiNuxX FART VI. BUDt^ET PROJECTIONS

Budget Projections for the Planning Year:

The salary figures used are set substantially at the level of the salaries for law deans, librarians and law professors. The reported by the Section of Legal Education of

he American Bar Association, reveal that, in the Mountain States Region salaries at the better law schools — Utah, Colorado, Arizona and Arizona State -- are at or ^bove the national median figures. It is

University of Nevada should endeavor to T-a^'hc. ou salary levels in legal education. The assumption,

salaries for law faculty in Nevada should be competitive With the good Law Schools of'the Region.

(The figures are offered in terms of 1974-75 dollars.) (1) Administration — Dean's Office

Dean
Associate Dean Secretary

(Administrative Assistant)

Clerical Assistant (Wages)

Salaries

$ 36,000 - $ $ 27,000 - $ $ 8,000

40,000 30,000

(2) Law Library — Salaries and Wages Salaries

Librarian
Assistant Librarian Cataloguer Secretary
Part-time Help

$23,000-$ $14,000-$ $ 12,000
$ 6,000

$ 5,000

28,000 17,000

(Wages)

$ 6,500 Total

$77,500 - $84,500

Total

$60,000 - $68,600

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PROJECTIONS

(3) Operations — Brochure, Bulletin, Application Forms, Travel, etc.

Brochure, bulletin, $ application forms

Travel $ Office equipment and $ office supplies (type­

writers, dictating machines, desks, photo

Salaries

7,000

8,000 8,500

2,500

$179,100 $100,000*

copy equipment) Telephone

Planning Year

$

Total Planning Activity Law Library Capital

Total

$26,000

$279,100

Total
(b) Budgeting for the First-Year Class;

(Figures used here are cast in terms of 1974-1975 dollars and an inflation factor will be required.)

(1) Administration — Dean's Office Salaries

Dean
Associate Dean Secretary

(Administrative Assistant)

Secretary
Clerical Employee —

technical (course materials, repro­ duction)

Office Assistant (Secretary for

Admissions) Outer-Office Recep-

$ 40,000 $ 30,000 $ 9,000

$ 6,500 $ 7,500

$ 7,500

$ 12,000 tionist and typist (2)

Travel 9,000 Total

$121,500
*Plus $150,000 from private funds given for Law Library development

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PROJECTIONS

(2) Instruction

Faculty (4)
Faculty Secretary (1) Operations (xeroxing

and reproduction of course materials, office

supplies, telephone, student organizations, financial assistance. Law School Paper or Newsheet, visiting lecturers' ex­

penses and honoraria and annual Bulletin or Catalogue of the Law School)

Capital equipment for instruc­ tion (typewriters, desks, equipment for reproduction
of course materials) $ 5,000

Total

(3) Law Library — Operating Costs

Librarian
Assistant Librarian Cataloguer Reference Librarian Secretary
Part-Time Personnel

Total
The total first-year operating budget

Law Library Capital
First-Year Operation Total Budget

Salariee

$100,000 $ 6,000

•Plus $150,000 from private funds given for Law Library development

§ 35,000 $146,000

Salaries

$ 29,000 $ 17,000 $ 14,000 $ 12,000 $ 7,000 $ 6,000

$85,000

$352,500 $100,000* $452,500

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PROJECTIONS
The Law Library Capital Requirements — Planning Year and Thereafter;

Although the standards of the two accrediting organizations, the Section of Legal Education of the American Bar Association and the ^sociation of American Law Schools, both specify required minimal library holdings, it is generally recognized that accreditation of
a new law school is not likely to be extended if the library holdings simply meet the bare minimum. This position of requiring more from newly-organized schools is formalized in the "Policy Statement on Accreditation of New Law Schools" issued by the Association of American Law Schools. The same policy is, in fact, administered by the Section of Legal Education of the American Bar Association. Accordingly, for

a newly-organizing school, a first goal for the law library of 50,000 volumes by the end of the third year of the school's operation (which would coincide with the graduation of the first class) is an acceptable and feasible goal, assuming adequate financing. The second goal would be to achieve a collection of 100,000 volumes by the end of the sixth year of the school's actual operation.

^^"To meet the first goal, in terms of law library development, would require, in the early years—gf the school's life, capital in the

of »ouu,uOO to $700,000^ It is difficult to estimate, in advance,the acruai dost of the beginning collection. There may be fortuitous and advantageous acquisitions. On the other hand, more recently published material is becoming very expensive, indeed. There IS, as well, the matter of the extent to which a new law library may wish to go for microfiche or other book substitutes.

In the year of planning and development before enrollment of the first class, at least $250,000 should be available for library capital ex- penditure (including, in that term, a modest amount for book binding

^ shelving). An additional $250,000-$300,000 should available for the second year, when the first entering class

actually arrives on the scene. Thereafter, in light of the inflated conaition of the dollar, capital outlay of $150,000 per year for the law library should continue, at least until the second goal is reached and probably $x25,000 thereafter, as the dollar will be subject to continuing erosion in terms of real purchasing power.

Accordingly, to arrive at the overall budgetary requirements for the projected new Law School during the Planning Year and during the First Year of Actual Operation, there must be added to the direct operational

the capital needs for the library. In addition, of course, there is the matter of physical facilities.

III. Further General Budgetary Projections;

After the first full year of operation, the school will receive its aecona entering class. The following year, the school would be in full operation with three classes in residence. There will be a sharp

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PROJECTIONS

upward movement in the budget when the original entering class moves
into xts third and final year. Teaching in sm^ll groups, smj^ll sections, seminars and in clinical activities charactelristic of the final year

-Will substantially enlarge the faculty and supporting staff. The Law Review should then be in full operation. At that~po^t» the school will be fully operational and its costs will be those of other good law schools for the Region.

In 1973-74 in the Mountain States Region, the better law schools
ran with budgets that reflected per-student costs (eyclusiv^'^^'of^^.^ maintenance, depreciation and overhead) in the range of $2000
to $2700. A school xn the 200-250 s^dent range is a bit more expensive on a per-student basis than one in the 400-500 range.
A per-law-student operating budget cost of $3000 per student, in current dollars, is believed to be a fair price to enable quality

legal education under wise administration.

With a student body of 200 to 250, a good Mountain States Law School in full operation at the current level of costs will be costing from $600,000 to $800,000, in current dollars, depending
on the rate of Law Library growth and Law Center function activity.

Enlarged enrollment and enlarged function will require a larger operating budget. Projecting that figure ahead five years will provide an estimate for the then to be encountered operational costs. By 1979-80, it is probably very optimistic to expect that per-student costs will be as low as $3500. A figure of $4000 for the Mountain States Region would be more realistic, but the prob­

lembasicallyistogaugethepaceofinflation.TheConsultant .t has no crystal ball on that front. J."i

Physical Facilities — Temporary and Permanent; f

(1) Temporary Accommodations. In the first year or two of the life of a new Law School, it is assumed that the school will be housed in temporary quarters. The object here is to estimate roughly the re­ quirements for the temporary interim physical facilities needed for the beginning Law School. The space needs and the estimated require- n»nts for the first two years of operation are as follows:

Classroom (1) Student lounge and

study area (1) Offices (for Dean,

Associate Dean, four Professors and two

Administrative

Assistants) Secretarial Offices Reception
Library (stack space,

study space and library staff work space)

Total

1500 sq. ft. 1500 sq. ft.

2800 sq. ft. 450 sq. ft. 250 sq. ft.

4000 sq. ft.

10500 sq. ft.

AI^PENDIX PART Vi

BUDGET PROJECTIONS

Tne natare of temporary housing for the first year, or two of the law school is not of critical importance. It may be possible to find space in an existing building not committed to other uses. On the other hand, a number of the recently established new law schools lived satisfactory lives in temporary housing specially erected for the

cPurp_ose. Vvhat is important is that the functions envimerated have their space and that the space be reasonably comfortable and usable. Of prime importance, of course, is library stack space to accommodat-.e
the rapidly-developing law ]ibraryT^ ^

Should a Law School be initiated, it is assumed that provision would
be made for a permanent home for the school hopefully by the end of
the second year of its operation, as the temporary space outlined would not be adequate for the third full year of operation with three classes.

(2) Permanent Physical Needs. For a student body in the 200-250 student range, with the satellite functions characteristic of a Law Center — including responsibilities in the field of Continuing Edu­ cation and Legal Research — a building in the range of 60,000-80,000

gross square feen will be required.

It should be borne in mind that leg^l'-^c^iSa^on is presently in a transition period moving actively towards skill-type instruction. The teaching of the skills of advocacy, of pleading, of interviewing, counseling, drafting and negotiating require a much more intensive
use of teaching staff. This means a relatively larger teaching staff with varied needs, both for office space and teaching facilities. Accordingly, the Law School building of 20 or 30 (or even 10 years ago) is not really adequate for the activities to be expected as a part of
a modern law school operation. Any law building for a Law School
l^uilt in Nevada should, as well, be built both with an eye for future expansion to cover both increased numbers of students and additional functions on the part of the Law Center.

APPENDIX PART VI. BUDGET PROJECTIONS

SUMMARY OF BUDGETARY PROJECTIONS FOR LAW SCHOOL

For Pre-planning Year (1974-75);

$50/000.

$279,100.

$452,500.

Planning Year (1975-76);

Operations $179/100. Library Capr-^ 1 0 0 >000.*

Planning Year

First Year of Operation (1976-1977):
Operations $352/500.

Library Capital 100/000.* First Operational Year

•Plus $150,000 each for two years from private funds given for Law Library development

Note: As explained in the text, the actual ex­

penditures are likely to be substantially below the budgeted amounts, because recruitment of personnel and expenditure of capital for the Law Library can be ex­ pected to lag behind the projections. No allowance is made in these projections for the total cost of physical facilities or such costs as building maintenance and

depreciation, nor for any share of Central University

Administration overhead costs. No inflation factor has been built into the figures.

Finally, actual expenditures will almost suiely vary from the categories described in these projections. Projections by budget categories are simply designed
to give a measure of reality to the estimating process. Experience always defines the gap between the expected and the facts of life.

^f\SL ^i>Aiito_aEl<_CT\

^ J-n 5, Gcu'd
6 ? 2 0 Acorna Courf

tas Vegas, Nevada 89]23, -8^0-2512

IttV&O ^

35"// (P.
S"?/07

r<rt<!9

University of Nevada law school may open by '76

If present plans proceed apace, the highly selective admission policies more Hyde Jr.. dean of the National College of

to Las Vegas' image that it have a professional school. Reno has a 100-year- old university with a medical school and a number of professional schools. There just wasn't that feeling of pressure for the law school here."

In addition, the Clark County Bar Association voted to support the establish­ ment of a law school, while the Washoe County Bar Association refused.

Nevada Supreme Court Justice David Zenoff said that Reno would be the ideal site, as it is already the home of lh'> National College of the State Judiciary

and the National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, But he added that since the establishment of the medical school in

Las Vegas campus will open its doors to law students in 1976.

Some advocates say a law school in

than other students. theState Judiciary at UNR. He said there Since state schools usually give are two groups suffering most from the preference to in-state students, Nevada lack of lawyers—the poor and persons in

Nevada is long past due, but others applicants are among the first to be the middle-income bracket.

question the wisdom of its establishment. The pros and cons of the school were battled out in the 1973 state legislature,

weeded out. The University of Nevada chancellor's office revealed in a study for the 1973legislature that most western law

Las Vegas attorney Mahlon Brown Jr., who heads the Qark County Legal Ser­ vices Program, said there is only one

where a proposal to start the graduate schools have closed their doors to attorney for aboutevery 25,000poor people

program this year died for a lack of im­ mediate funds.

The legislative polemics centered on the question, "Does Nevada really need a law school?" Opponents maintained that a

Nevadans.
Dr. Ralph Roske, history professor at

UNLV and a prelaw student adviser, said additional enrollment difficulties have occurred because, "The tuition at private

in the state, while there is one attorney for every 1,000 who can afford legal assistance.

Another Las Vegas attorney, Neil G. Galatz, said, "There are vast areas where the public is still unable to secure adequate legal help."

law school would steal money from un­ schools has risen to the point that it is

dergraduate and graduate programs that difficult for many potential lawyers to need to be improved on both campuses. afford."

Since the 1973 legislative session, the
Theysaiditwouldeliminatefundsfornew The problem worsens as more originalquestionofwhetherNevadaneeds Reno, most Northern Nevadans are

programs and certain existing academic Nevadans show interest in studying law. a law school has evolved to the question, programs. And, they added, Nevada On the Reno campus, some 150 students "When will it get one?"
doesn't need more lawyers. took the Law School Admission Test in A statewide advisory board was

reconciled to putting the law school in Las V egas.

The advocates accused some op­ 1972, and there are more who have authorized to develop preliminary plans
ponents of being "die-hard attorneys who registered to take it this year than for the for the school and activities are underway been made that should the school be

are afraid of the competition" and asked, "Why shouldn't Nevada youngsters have thesame opportunity togo tolaw schoolas

other youngsters?"
Jam es Rilbray, former regent and law

school opponent, said, "Many things should be investigated before we say yes. One question is whether local graduates are being turned down at law schools because the state is not producing quality undergraduates or because other states are discriminating against Nevada."

same period last year. to raise money, hire a dean and seek Regent William Morris questions faculty members.

located at Reno, $1 million would be made available."

But Las Vegans are going their own way, seeking the estim ated $600,000 necessary to finance the beginnings of a law library and operate the school for one year

The final decision on the establish­ ment of a law .school rests with the 1975 legislature, based on the findings of the statewide advisory board and the availability of funds. At this time the outlook for prop<inents of a law school at UNLV is excellent.

whether theeffort toestablish a law school is based more on the accommodation of those interested in studying law than on a crucial need for lawyers in Nevada.

"It is very likely thata law school will open in Las Vegas in 1976," said Hyde, a committee member.

"The people of Las Vegas want it The Law schools are graduating un­ people of Reno do not," said Nevada precedented numbers The 1972 class Senator John Foley. "By the people I mean nationwide was nearly double the 1965 the university people who do not want the class added expense of another professional But, according to some legal school, and the interested citizens, in­

authorities, Nevada has a lawyer shor­ cluding lawyers."
No one knows the answer to the first tage. "We simply don't have enough Hyde explained, "There is strong question yet, but certainly, qualified lawyers to deliver the necessary legal feeling in Las Vegas that Reno is a Nevada students are feeling the crunch of services in the state," said Laurance M. prestigious campus and it was important

"This brings up the problem of

financing," he continued. "An offer has

X'-•

R'J Viewpoint

I'

Law school not financially feasible

t

•'y i:

iT W'-'ouraal- Monday,June24,1974

The University of Nevada, Las Vegas is not ready to have a law school yet. ^

That fact is obvious to anyone who studiesaproposeduniversitybudget for the next biennium, but it is a fact escaping several politically minded university regents from Las Vegas who are bent on opening a law school here at the earliest possible mo­ ment.

Regent Joseph Kohn said a law school should be started because it is the cheapest graduate level pro­

backs on the problems in Reno and trying to create the same kind of financial burdens at UNLV.

We think they should rectify the problemsinvolvingthemedical school before trying to undertake any more professional schools. As Regent Fred Anderson said, the

medical school still seems to be "four years and $40,000" away from even having a paved entryway.

We agree with Regent William Morris who said a $5.8 million law building would certainly have to be a

gramtooperate. "TajMahal"amonglawschools.He

He must have missed the report showing it would cost $5.8 million just to construct a facility to house the program.

The preliminary findings of a feasibility study being conducted to see if the program is affordable statethatitwillcostabout$3,500per student within five years to operate a law school.

The preview report of the study is so loaded with figures on the high cost of starting a la^ degree pro­ gram that it reads like a bank statement.

The law dean conducting the study estimates that it would cost up to $700,000 to start a law library and $125,000 per year to maintain the collection.

Regent James Buchanan IIsaid he wants the school started because Nevadans have a right to become lawyers.

We do not want to deny any Nevada students the right to study any profession they would like, but we cannot advocate jeopardizing the fiscal state of the university to

start a new program every time one is demanded. ••

The University of Nevada, Reno has serious budget problems now because a medical school was all too hastily started there.

Now the regents are turning their

said if a school is going to be started it doesn't have to begin on such a grand scale.

Morris said the money would be better spent putting an addition on the UNLV Library, which will be

overcrowded in a few years, or in building a complex for teaching such health professions as nursing and radiologic technology. Again we agree.

•The regents have the cost of a law building included in a construction request they are considering sub­ mitting to the Legislature, but they

did not bother to include operating costs for a school in their proposed operating request.

Yet as proposed their budget request includes significant in­ creases in student fees. It seems unfair to us that the regents should ask the students who are working

hard to get undergraduate degrees or attend the Clark County Commu­ nity College to pay more for their education when they are proposing a substantial spending of state funds to provide a law education for a very limited number of students.

Before making any commitments to start a law school we urge the regents to carefully weigh the costs of the program for a few students against the well-established pro­

grams for many students which they may be jeopardizing.

Tom Tiede

What do vou say

syAlaryHausco staff WrHtr

me most mezpensive advanced degrees a university can offer. /

He raid many of the capital improvements priority items are things the University system does not have to have and the building of a lawschool should come before lawn work

orgarden work includedin otherpriorities. Although no decisions were reached on the program requests, the proposed list was ;Witprogramfiir1975-79withRegentsJames rwisedatthemeetingbyChancellorNeU

f

1^RENO—Tohavealawschoolornottohave ,r«law school at the University of Nevada, Las •V^swasthequestionburdeningUniv^ty

j-RegentsFriday.
Uie feasibility of starting a legal program

'
• 00 the southern campus dominated a lengthy

I discussion on a proposed capital improve-

Budianan and Joseph Kohn of Las Vegas

^mpioning thelawschool causeand Regent

Morris, also of Las Vegas,acting asa devil's advocate.

^4s the capital improvement program was

Humphrey who changed the amount recom- randed from the State General Fund from

1590,000 to59.3million. Thedramaticincreaseinhisproposed

request reralted from the addition of a new

f''®Universityadministration ^fructionpriorityfewa$6.6millionphase

jfe© coastructiOTi of a million law school a'UNLVisthethirdpriorityamong

Ksu'^ested new projects for the system.

tbm,edition fo fee WestOT Nevada Qmmu- mty College ^nd the shifting of possible sources on other projects from the

voiceirtothehigh"ranking Hi^rEducabonCapitalConstructionFund BH-aliwschodwhldiunotyetevenbeen tofeegeoeral&adii'> jfe.-,

deemed feasiblethe Regents passed a motioii i^uesting that other possible priority ran-

Humphrey toW the Regents they could feasibly expecttogetallthemoneythey ^ s Vtofeen ataJulymeeting ^ ^tifyrequestingbecauseitispublic

l^wledge that fee gaieral fund is in good Inanotl» motiontheyrequestedttat the shape,

possibility be examined of financing both the

®st of a law school building and tolerating «»ts foralawstdioolthroughspeciallegisla- Son rather Sian as line itans within atmro-

Ife said fee 529.3 million the University is seeking frmn several sources for capital improvementsis notunreascsiable. ITietotal includes 52.2 million the 1973 legislature

?.I!f UniversitySystemfrom ^r^riated asaloanfwconstructionofthe

I the 1975 legislature.
I lhat idra was suggested by Morris, but

1Wosed by Kohn who said it would, in effect bes^atii^thelawschoolft-omtherestofsta^FridaywhenfeeRegaitsdiscussed theUniversity.Morris,whohasvoicedop- ^hmmaryflndii^ ofafeasabilitystudyon

l^sibon to starting the school for more than said In hisopinion themost critica] nee^or U»LV in the next biennium is the

construction of a professional school complex

to house the cdlege of allied healft profes­ sions.

That item was not even included in the proposed list of projects to be funded in the next legislative session, but wason a separate listforlong-rangeconsideratiiBi.

According to Morris, thffeis a critical need

in Clark County for allied health graduates in

areassuchasnursing,andradiologictech­ nology.

Morris also questioned why the expansion of (he UNLV Ubrary or the building of a new library was not (»i the list of priorities for the next biennium since University adminis­ trators have said flie present library facility

will beovercrowded withinfour years.

He further questjoied the suggested levelof expnditure for a law school building and ^ed iffoe|5.8millionbuildingwouldbea TajMahalamong lawschools.

Board chairman Harold JacobsenofCarson

uty saidhe would liketo makethe law school

^ last prionty. He said it should not have ^nplacedabovesuchcriticallyneeded tacilitiesascommunitycdl^e buildings

Regent Buchanan said Oie Regents were interfering in the decision making prose process of University administrators bv questioning foe pria-ity rankings. He claimed

the law school was appropriately ranked noting ftat it seemed to be a number raie' priority with legislators.

^ suggestions that present cilites be used tohouse a lawschool or that

thescbo(^ bebuiltIn phases.
Regent Kohn strongly supported the law

fee matter being conducted by Dean WiHard fee Arizona State Univeraty

In a previous summary of his findings the estimated that a planning year for fee law school would cost 5429,000 and the first

year of operation wouldcost $602,500, Pedrick estimated that starting a law

^ ® 3n additional mm to5700000anditwouldcostabout 5125,OW annuafly theeafter for additions to me coUectbns.

UNLV Dean of Administrabon Dr. Brock Dixon told the Regents Pedrick was leaning over backwards not to understate the cost of the program. He said it is possible the actual cost would be under the estimate.

^

^rk CountyCommunityCollege,which Itophrey ISnowsuggesting not berepaid.

m law school discussion was initially

Law school methods said behind times

By CAROLEMARTIN Associated PressWriter

"The modem law school is not fulfilling its basic duty to provide society with people-oriented counselors and advocates to meet the expanding needs of our changing world" —Chief Justice

Warren E. Burger of the U.S. Supreme Court.

WASHINGTON (AP) - The with the practical problems of

typical law school graduate, dealing with clients in theoutside though well-grounded in legal world.

principles, may not know how to Antioch Law School students, tallOo or listen tcra-client, or how however, work on employment

tember, receive on-the-job train­ ing under the supervision of ex­ perienced attorneys in much the same waythat medicalinternsdo at teachinghospitals.

"There's more client pressure than grade pressure here,which I think is better," said Beatrice M.

Valdez, a 22-year-old student from Antonito, Colo.,

Fred Ryland of Golden, Colo., whose clinical work this spring

Included a divorce law case, added; "At most law schools if you let your studies go you only hurt yourself. But here the client is involved. You hurt someone else."

"In most law schools the whole world of relevant approval is the teacher," said Edgar S. Cahn, who is codean of the school with his wife, Jean Camper Cahn. "Here the rewardsare in pridein

doing a job well and in providing assistance."

Antiochistheonlylawschoolin the United States built around a teaching law firm —in this case the Urban Law Institute, a public interest law firm formerly asso­ ciated with George Washington University Law School.

The school is openly conunitted to producing a new breed of lawyers and legal technicians

who will use thelaw as an instru­ ment forsocial justice.

"Three years of law school plus two or three more years learning how to use the law as a weapon against injustice is just poor so­ cial arithmetic,"Chan Said.

By Antioch's timetable, stu­ dents should be able to provide tangible legal aid to clients by the endoftheirfirstyear.Bytheend of the second year they should be

equal toa law clerk,able as a junior associate to • lawyer in any type of la and by the end of the thii they should 6e able to actual representation to where permitted.

Antioch law class- aires had experience in ahti; manpower, education, • nity organization and fields.

The class also is ma students of greater age. racial and economicini.i foundinmostothcl;;- the students range ui ; to54,athirdofUi-" •it!? composed of

than a third of the ' women.

First-year student.-, i the Rev. James Groppi waukee civil rights lea ;• former members of the i crew to a Chicano who grocery store in Santa Fe,

The Antioch program months a year, so studo unable to take part-time mer jobs to help defray a year tuition and living en result, some 69 per cem student body receives f assistance ofsome kind.

The rigors of the curi alsofallonthefaculty, tiochlaw professorsare • mittedtotakeprivate< consultantwork.

, "They can't have time andbedoingtheirjo right,"saidNathanJ.1 associate dean.

to file routine legal papers. He may not even know his way to or around a courtroom.

One reason for this is that the typical American law school con­ centrates on a case-study method of teaching which has little to do

discrimination complaints, di­ vorce proceedings, record ex­ pungements, immigration appli­ cations and similar matters as early as their freshman year.

Students at the law school, which opened its doors last Sep­

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Monday, July 2, 1973—Las Vegas Rev

edged money-makers, have not moved voluntarily to reduce admissions in keeping witha diminishing jobmarket. Only one school surveyed for this arti­ cle (Brooklyn) plans to reduce its size. And the number of law schools in­ creases every year. This year, there are 165 ABA-approved law schools with six provisional, or new, memberships. In 1974, there were 157. Additionally, the ABA knows of 36 schools that op­ erate in California without approval of the state bar association, and at least 20 others operate across the nation without ABA sanction.

Interviews with placement officers

and others across the country knowl­

edgeable about the legal job market

show more contours:

• California is the toughest market to

crack. With 24 bar-approved law

schools in addition to the mavericks, it

has 45,659 active attorneys and no one

knows how many unemployed ones.

The San Francisco Bay area, in partic­

ular, attracts and holds out-of-state

law students and lawyers. Officers at

Boalt Hall and at Stanford University

portant among graduates with less than top grades. Summer, part-time and volunteer experience may lead to a job and always looks good on a resume. The clinical law program at Lewis and Clark Law School in Port­ land, Oregon, permits some students to try up to 200 cases before they grad­ uate and makes them very attractive to employers, says Placement Director

Ann Kendrick. Such experience may show a student what kind of work he or she doesn't like and is valuable in a market where changing jobs later is difficult, says Lynn Hiner, law place­ ment director at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

• Paralegal assistants do not appear to have seriously cut the market for grad­ uate attorneys, but they may reduce the number of part-time and summer jobs available for students.

• Womenaresucceedinginlawschool and job-hunting far above their numerical representation in law schools. Not always, though. A place­ ment director in Ohio concluded that good looks and a single marital status

fmhsenjm

in Search

ofaLiving

In recent months, Juris Doctor sent reporters to profile unem­ ployed (or underemployed) lawyers from difi^erent regions of the country. It was easy to find unemployed lawyers. But the stigma about unemploy­ ment—the fear that once you are labeled "unemployed" you will never be hired—is so

strong that for every unem­ ployed lawyer who would identify himself publicly, we found six who would not. We also found that the "typical" unemployedlawyerdoesnot

exist. Reasons for unemploy­ ment, reactions to it, changes in viewpoint and career plans that stem from it are as varied as human faces.

As of last month, one of the five lawyers profiled here had found a Job, one had a part- time private practice mixed with non-legal work, and the other three were still searching forjobs.

at Palo Alto say their unemployed had kept one well-qualified woman

graduates probably would find work if from finding work. Anna Tucci at

theymovedfromCalifornia—butthey Washington,D.C.'sGeorgetownUni­

won't.
• The market is still tight in large cities—Boston, New York, Washing­ ton, Chicago—followed by states in which the climate is pleasant and the demand for legal services light—Ari­ zona, New Mexico, Colorado, Oregon,

versity School of Law says that some women graduates are difficult to place because they have "a chip on their shoulder."

• Blacks, the only racial minority for which trends are yet detectable, are less in demand than several years ago

andWashington. unlesstheyaretop-ranked.LaFrances

• Rural areas and small cities prob­ ably offer the most opportunities. In Georgia, the Lawyer's Reference Ser­ vice of the state bar association lists small towns with no attorneys or inade­ quate representation, but opportuni­ ties may dwindle; 917 persons passed the Georgia bar last year. Vacancies in Erie, Pennsylvania; Stillwater, Okla­ homa; and Kansas were said to have no takers in law school placement of­ fices. But rural areas, too, may be on their way to saturation. Leslie Abram-

son, assistant professor of law at the University of Louisville, predicts the state of Kentucky will have twice as

many lawyers as it needs by the year

2000.

• Superstars, persons with top grades and law review experience, continue to be in demand for clerkships, private practice and top government jobs. Our survey found only one top-ranked graduate still out of work; he was said to be a poor interviewer.

• Work experience is extremely im­

Johnson of the placement office at the predominantly-black Howard Univer­ sity law school in Washington, says the situation is "horrible." Many gradu­ ates in the lower third of the 1975 class at Howard are underemployed in gov­ ernment posts that do not require a law degree. And even government hir­ ing is now tight.

College placement officers are pro­ fessionally optimistic. Their jobs de­ pend upon putting graduates to work, and some of them grow impatient with graduates who hold out for jobs in a particular field or geographic location. One reason that many of them give for

their optimism is a statement by the immediate past president of the ABA, James D. Fellers, that 70 percent of the American public is without legal services and that "vast numbers of new lawyers will be needed in the com­

ing decade to meet the public demand for legal services." To the lawyer pounding the pavement, however, that demand may seem far away. •

22

Juris Doctor—March 1976

Half the graduating class at Boalt Hall, the University of Califor­ nia's law school at Berkeley, left

school jobless last May. At Northwest- em University in Chicago, law school graduates who might have received ten attractive offers a decade ago got three or four. And Columbia University law school graduates with five or so years' experience with some of New York's most prestigious firms have difficulty finding a slot in a smaller firm if they don't make partner.

Lawyers all over are finding the job market saturated. Noone really knows how many attorneys are out of work in the United States today, but the mar­ ket is tight at the professional entry level, and mobility is restricted for ex­ perienced attorneys. Two main factors make it difficult to find a job. One is

the recession. The other is the ever-in­ creasing number of law schools and legal graduates.

The Classes of 1974 and 1975 found it tougher to obtain employment than any in recent history. There were roughly 30,000 graduates last year, and estimates of legal positions open to them have been as low as 15,000. Law school placement officers in the nation's most established institutions say that many graduates accepted po­ sitions as late as January and February and that final figures will look better than they dared hope. A study of 83

schoolsbytheNationalAssociationof Law Placement found 1,571 of 13,250 May 1974 graduates still looking for work last winter.

Experienced attorneys are more likely to be affected by the sluggish economy than by hordes of recent

Carolyn Jackson, a former legal cor­ respondent, is a freelance writer based in New York City.

by Carolyn Jackson

graduates. Most sources agree that year. Frances Utley, who operates the private practice, still the choice of a American Bar Association's new com­

majority of lawyers, has been drasti­ puterized placement service in Chi­

JURISDOCWE

AOoodJob Is Hard to Find

cally cut by the recession. Job listings have not been reduced, but employers are extremely choosy, says Stephen

cago, JURISCAN, still quotes those figures. But placement directors con­ sider them wildly pessimistic,primarily

Berger of Howard-Sloan Associates because they don't include nontradi- Inc., a placement service in New York. tional jobs open to persons with law

"People are willing to hold off until degrees and because they don't ac­

they find a superstar." A WaU Street count for the possibility of prepaid firm recently refused to interview a and other moderate-fee delivery sys­

Howard-Sloan applicant who was magna cum laude as a Harvard under­ graduate but was only in the top third of his law class at the University of Pennsylvania. "It's a buyer's market," says another recruiter. "Everywhere you go, you step on a lawyer." Finding jobs for alumni is a ticklish task, ac­ cording to Gwen Wood, placement director for the University of Georgia law school. "There's always that confi­

dential factor," she says. "The person has a job he wants to keep until he finds something else." Almost every­

tems. When the Association of Ameri­ can Law Schools, the most selective accrediting body, and the Law School Admission Council, which oversees the law boards, prepared their Fre-Law Handbook for 1975-76, they asked for new projections. Says the handbook, "Department of Labor statistics pro­ ject that over the period 1968-1980, the need for lawyers will increase 23 percent, and that the average number

of law degrees awarded over the same period will increase slightly above 20 percent." The handbook warns that

one agrees that large corporations the 1975-76 market is "exceedingly make the most attractive offers; they tight."

want attorneys with top-notch private So far, news of the job market firm experience. But the road back doesn't seem to have dampened the

from corporate practice to a private firm is treacherous.

Statistically, there is no clear pic­ ture of the job market. The U.S. Bu­ reau of Labor Statistics tracks only ex­

enthusiasm of law school applicants. The Educational Testing Service re­ ports that 135,000 personstook thelaw boards in 1973-74 (last figures avail­ able) as compared with 44,900 in1965-

perienced attorneys, and a bureau 66. But a recent regulation of the U.S.

spokeswoman says that the sample is toosmalltobeconsideredreliable.In 1975, it showed an unemployment rate of 1.1 percent for attorneys; the year before, it was 1.0 percent. But in 1965, when there was a good job market, bu­ reau statistics showed a 1.5 percent unemployment rate.

Last year, the U.S. Department of Labor projected that there would be 30,000 law school graduates annually until 1980 and only 20,000 new jobs a

Department of Health, Education and Welfaremaybesobering.HEWwill require schools offering career training

to list their job placement and salary track records in publications to aU applicants. "Unfortunately, too few applicants do any job research," says Brooklyn Law School Placement Di­ rector Henry Haverstick. "If they did, I think you'd see a decrease in the number of applications."

Law schools themselves, acknowl-

21

14

byjangould

WhataretheprojectionsofNevadato Letusnotstopwithareasofprac­

supportplacementofasubstantialnumber of new attorneys each year, Nevada positions will hinge on development of new methods for providing legal services for a very much larger segment of society.

Some factors that will increase demand for legal services are the fact that an urbanized society draws more heavily on those with a legal education. But rural areas will need Increased legal consul­ tation due to land law changes, property ownership, estates, etc.

It has come to the point throughout the nation, as well as In Nevada, that a person feels some degree of fear walking on the streets not only at night. Nation-wide, more and more law enforce­ ment personnel are becoming enrolled in legal courses and police forces are employing affiliated legal staffs as well as corrections administrators. Of course, there Is always room to enlarge offices

extendedcounsellorlessorcrimes.New areas are opening up, such as public safety, consumer protection, increased legal services used by the middle Income groups, always Increasing governmental regulations and legislation, changing me­ thods of property ownership, Increased demands for criminal justice, counsel for Indigents In misdemeanor cases,as well as expanded counsel In civil cases.

As a total overall prediction Nevada's new attorneys will encounter about the same placement opportunities as are like­ ly through the rest of the nation, despite the different nature of the state's eco­ nomic set up. One advantage Nevada has is the expected economic expansion which we shall now pursue.

What is the state's future financial stability?

Since the need for a law school is proven, as are sufficient projected em­ ployment opportunities, both in practice and in areas where it would be a use­ ful adjunct, let us now examine Nevada's financial stability to see If legal education will be a burden to the state's budget,

Nevada is not now spending excessively on higher education compared with other states, based on per capita Income. More specifically, the general expenditure per $1,000 of personal income on education In state Institutions of higher learning is $15,98 as of 1972, There are approx­ imately 38 of the 4aother states that spend amounts considerably higher. Let us look

Continued on page thirteen

. support and employ graduates of a law ;•school In the future? And, can we afford

a law. school?
Now I hope you are aware of the

critical need nation-wide and, morespec- ificaliy state-wide, for additional legal education facilities and the benefits con­ current with a law school.

L0t us look forward five (5) years to our first projected graduating class of around 75 students. Where do they go from here? Do we currently have enough attorneys In practice? Possibly, but let ..us ag^n'review the grovyth rate projections tor Nevada, Currently, we fall right around one-half million. By 1980 they predict anywhere from 776,000 to 807,000 and in 1990, 1,034,000 to 1,

155,000 (more than double today's pop­ ulation in 16 years), Clark and Washoe Counties show the most rapid projected rate increase, in that order. If the national ratio of attorney to population holds, you can visualize the astronomical demand for additional attorneys in the areas of practice now emphasized, it is believed, by the ABA, that the Bar can absorb additional graduates. In ex­ amining recent law graduate prospects, we saw 355,242 total attorneys in the

• U. S, in 1970, In 1973 there were 106,102 students enrollend in ABA approved law schools. In the same year there were 30,075 persons admitted to the practicing

;,,Bar with a total of 27,756 law degrees 'warded that year.

tice now most emphasized. Attorneys are becoming more and more specialized because of the Increased complexity of the laws due to the technological and social changes andadvances ofoursociety. The system of law Is beginning to re­ structure to meet needs of those not now adequately served as well and, of course, many law graduates can and do seek employment In affiliated fields, ra­ ther than the pure practice of law," It Is felt that this will be seen even more In the future. Some examples might Include corporation legal staff, directors, trust officers, Insurance claims adjusters, real estate brokers, and many, many more, whose employment does not necessitate the legal training but such training would be a highly beneficial adjunct thereto.

It Is difficult. In all honesty, to pre­
dict employment in Nevada using National
standards since this state is not a cross-
section of the national economy, i,e., Prosecutor and Legal Services, as the recreation over industry, agriculture, etc.
In 1970 the ratio of lawyer to population
intheU,S,was1to572,InNevada
it was 1 to 633, Of Nevada's 773 attor­
neys, 739 were Usted in the directory.
Six hundred-seventeen of the 739 were
in Las Vegas and Reno, showing very
low numbers in outlying areas. Of the
739 listed, 583 were in private practice,
139 in government service, and 32 in
private corporations. But future needs
in Nevada are directly related to popu­
lation growth, Nevada's past experience
suggests need for legal services will

^such as those of the Public Defender,

population and relative need grows. Law student clinical research services would be very beneficial to the public as a whole through these offices inthis manner.

Not only will an Increase In population bring an increased demand for number of attorneys, but we must remember that the technological changes which are con- sistant with an increased population in the U,S, specifically will also bring a growing number of legal questions, many in new areas not yet explored by the

judicial area of the government. Supreme Court decisions In the recent past have

byjangould

How much will our law school cost? Now it is time to look at the figures la black and white. A study was re­ cently conducted for the Board of Re­ gents by Willard Pedrick, Dean, Ari­ zona State Law School, and Loren Seid- m^,UNLV. Theirfindingswereas follows:

First, let us assume that the lawschooi doors will be opened to its first class in the fall of 1976, This will require one

pre-planning, during which time tte Dean and Librarian will be located, hired and proceed to put together the school's programs, faculty and staff. The first initial costs will include his ex­ penses and co-ordinate (grating and secretarial expenses to the total of a- round $50,000.

The school itself will probablybe lower, mi(Wie-si2ed with a 70-90 student en- tering class, offering only day classes. The Law School would Include programs for students in tbeir degree search, Bar CoQtinuing Education and the capacity for organized legal research to assist the state government branches.

There wil be only two main capital costs: the law library and the building and both are one time expenses. The figures here used are bas^ on today's dollars and tend to be somewhat gen­ erous. Median salary figures, or slight­ ly above, were used to figure costs, hoping that the excitement of establish­ ing a law school coupled with a few ex­ tra dollars will combine to draw top name legal educators from our Moun­ tain States Region.

If the planning year goes as planned the Initial costs wil be somewhat as.

follows:

Administration will run from $77,500 - $84,500; Law Library (salaries) $60,000- $68,000; Operations $26,000; the total planning activity to run around $179,100; and Law Library Capital $100,000 ^lus $150,000 already given from private funds). The total Planning Year costs to be a-

round $279,100.

Looking further, into the first year of operation, the following figures would ai^ly. ^ministration $121,500;Instruc­ tional salaries and expenses, $146,000;

LawLibrariessalaries$85,000;Gyr­ ating costs $452,500; (along with another $150,000 given from private funds).

Keep in mind that $300,000 plus has already been committed to the Law Li­ brary from private funds. Also, a Law

.School is by far the least expensive of all professional graduate schools, and the state currently shows a *50,000,000 budget surplus.

The Law Library must meet and ex­ ceed minimum ABA standards for ac­ creditation. By the end of the third year of actual operation, the law library should contain 50,000 volumes, doubling that

number by the end of the sixth year. C6ntiDu^~dB4)age fourteen

Law Continued continued from page <me

This first goal would cc^ between -$500,000 and $700,000. We have al­ ready received promise of $300,000 or about 1/2 the cost from Caesar's World, and other private sources have pledged

additional amounts. The Librarian ^ of ultimate importance because gifts aJa trades can hold down the overal costs considerably.

located in a temporary site with a total amount of space needed at 10,500 square feet. An existing building not otherwise used would be sufficient or even tem­ porary quarters erected specifical y for the law school purpose.

For A.B.A. consideration, provision should t)e made for a permanent home for the end .of the second operational year, if possible. By this time addi­ tional space would be necessary and from 60,000 to 80,000 square feet wwild

After the first 2 years investments,
the library capital outlay wil be $150,
000 per year until the 100,000 volume
level is reached. Thereafter, $125,000' be required, keeping in mind possibil­

per year should handle periodicals, bin­ ding etc.

The third year of the school's oper­ ation, the costs will rise sharply due» to the small groups, small sections, seminarsandclinicalactivitiesbringing in greatly enlarged faculty and suppor­ ting staff. But by then, the school will be fully operational and costs on a par with others in the region,

Aper-student (gratingiMidget of $3,000 is generally a fair current estimate for quality education cost. With 200-250 students it runs around $600,000 to $800, 000. By 1979 - 1980, atxwt the time of our first law graduating class, the per-student cost wil probably range from $3500 to $4,000 depending upon the pace of Inflation.

Now where are we going to house the

ities for future e^ansioo.
In brief summary, with all figures

approximate, the Pre-planning months will cost around $50,000; Planning year $279,100; and First Operating Year $452, 500(plus$300,000alreadypledgedfrom private sources). Some figures are high and th^ inflation factor can not be fig­ ured exactly, so the final cost may vary slightly from these figures.

Now you have seen the picture, in to­ tal but brief form. The need, both national and state-wide, is critical; the benefits, many; employment possibilities sufficient; state funds available and costs relatively nominal. Let's get our law school!!

You are welcome to attend our pre­ law association meetings in the Social Science Bldg. 12 noon Tuesdays, Room 112or 208.

school?

The first few years it can be

•m-

1

a law school? Submitted byMaryTeresaAiken,UALVPre-law Association

Becasue of the increase in lawschool . enroUmeot and the reduction inthe numt)er of drop'outs, law schools are having a dilficulty accomodating their own students ancU, therefore, must turn down most Nev> ada students. As a result, it is almost impossible for Nevadans to eitfer a West- emlawschool.TheUniversityofOregon, the University of New Mexico, theUniver­ sity of Utah, the University of Idaho, the University of Arizona in l^cson andthe University of California, Los Angeles are taking few, if any, Nevada law students. The University of Montana hasa rulingthat will not permit them totakean out-of-state

student in their law school if it prevents one ctf their own qualified residents from attending. Asaresultsomeofuswillhave to look farther away from home and even that does not quarantee wewil be accepted.

Eight to ten students are aii^lylng for each law school opening. An applicant must have a B or B plus average anda LSAT score in the top twenty percentile. The norm may soon be twenty applyingfor each opening, an A or A- average and a

LSA^ score in the tc^ ten or even five percentile.

The Nevada students'scoresare right in »no with the LSAT average which proves we are qualified. The State of Nevada - shouldhaveatlea^100studentsgoingto law school but only one-third that number are actually attending.

We are being penalized simply because we are Nevadans.

A lot of students dcm't even bother to take the LSAT because the lack of a law schools enormous tuition fees theywould have to pay in another state makes it imp­ ossible for them to go at alL ANevad^ who attends an out-of-state law school will paytwo orthree timesthe amountthatthe

residents pay. This student caneasily find' himself paying $4000 a year to attend law schooL

Last year 130 students at UNLV comp­ leted surveys stating they wanted to attend law school. Over one-half of them said they will not l>e able to attend if a law school is not established In Nevada and only two stated that they actuallywantedto go out-of-state.

ACADEMIC

RESEARCH

LIBRARY

Thousands of Topics $2.75 per page
Send for your up-to-date, 176-page, mail order catalog of 5500 topics. Enclose $1.00 to cover postage (1-2

days delivery time).

519 GLENROCK AVE. SUITE #203
LOS ANGELES, CA.90024

Our materials are sold for research purposes only

Lackof tuningsandtuitionfeesare only two of three major hardships a Nevadan faces when he or she leaves the state. The third Is the burden of temporarily moving into another state. Over one-half of the college students mustworktheirwaythro- ugh college. How can a college student be ejq^ectedtomoveoutofstate,holddowna

job, carry a full load fo courses, accep­ table grades, and then return toa stgte that did not offer them the opportunity to study law.?

Another important consideration is that our lawyers are being trained by other states with emphasis on their laws, not Nevada's. We are completely dependent on other schools to train the people who wil interpret our laws and be ou r judges. How can wee^ct toproduce ithere in Nevada?

A law school is of value to other seg­ ments of our community and state. The law library makes it lesc expensive for lawyers doing research andtheir clieiUs who must pay their research expenses. A modern law school can also teach busi­ ness, environmental, consumer law, and law enforcement. It provides seminars and courses to bring practitioners up to date with new developments in their field. Therefore, it is useful to the student, the community, and the state.

With government, business, and social affairs becoming more complex, there isa greater need for professional legal ser­ vices. Without a law school in Nevada, the Nevada legal system will soon be domin­ ated by non-natives who are not familiar with the needs of Nevada,

Pre-lawsmeetMori^

Ali Americans, no mater what their financial status, are entitle^ to legal aid. With one lawyer for every 25,000 poorand one lawyer for every 1,000 who can afford legal counseling, bow can we think there is an overabundance of lawyers or that we do not need a law school in Nevada?

atUATV

We would be doing the State of Nevada, the people of Nevada, and the students of Nevada a great service by offering them the opportunity for our future legal aff­ airs and government to be in the hands of Nevadans, trained by Nevadans andwith the

1) General Introduction; Dr. Roske. 2) Approaches toTesting;Dr. Kirschner. 3) Reading Comprehension; Writing

Tbe Pre-Law AssociatedStudentsatUNLV in Room 112 of tlie PoliticalScience IxiUd- ing at noon. The guest speaker will be

will bave a meeting Tuesday,Sept. 24,1974 Regent William Morris. ATReview

An LSAT review Seminar, sponsored by
the Political Science Student Association,
will t>e held Saturday September 28, 1974
in the West Lounge, Moyer Student Union.
Anyone planning to take the Law School
Admission Test will benilit from this sem­
inar. Membersolthefacultywhohavevol-
unteered their knowledge and experience
include: Dr. Ralph Roske, Dr. Felicia
Campliell, Dr. LorinSeidman.Dr. Rreder-
ick Kirschner and ProL Phil Taylor. The
Seminar wil begin at 9:00 a.m. and con­
interestofNevadainmind. cludeatapproximately3:00p.m. ^liInterestedstudentsareurgedtoattend.

McGEORGE SCHOOL OF LAW.i

UNIVERSITY OF THE RYCIFIC^

SACRAMENTO CAMPUS

April 15, 1975 is application deadline for first-year students seeking juris doctor degree in 3-year Day or 4-year Evening program beginning in September 1975.

The program of the school of law enables . students to begin the study of lawin the summer quarter ( June 1975 ) or Autumn quarter (September 1975), in the3 year day or 4 year evening division, McG^orge

PRE-LAW DISCUSSION FOR PROSPECTIVE LAW STUDENTS

byfte

appUcation deadline:

DATE:

September30

Df.WilliamR.Dakfa
ORFURTHERINFORMATION Ofnceof PefsonnelSefvices UNLV •

April 30, 1975,

FOR APPOINTMENT

TIME: PLACE:

9:30 to11:30 a.m. Humanities no. 361

A $2.00 admission will be charged which will be used to help fund the Political Science Student^ Association Scholarship program.

The agenda lor the seminar will include;

Ability;-Dr.- Llampbe11
_.'4) Cases^Principles; Dr.Seikman.

5) Data Intertmetation: Prof. Taylor.

Is I^aw In Y oiu* F a tiir e ?

by jan gould UTo. 4 i n s e r i e s

BENEFITS

After having examined the critical state and national need for additional legal educational opportunities in the previous three articles of this series, the Pre­

law Association would like to now appro­ ach the tc^ic from a different and more all-encompassing level. Can the state of Nevada afford to do without the tiene- fits concurrent with a law school? Al­ though the benefits are too numerous to designate in total, let us' examine a few of the more obvious.

When a law school is granted to us by this next session of the state legis­ lature, the most immediate and impor­ tant benefit will be to the able students who have now a limited, if not impossible, hope for their chosen career in the law. With a good G.P.A and L.S.A.T. score, legal education would no longer be an impossible dream. But a law school is not benefi cial only to the law students themselves. The image of a University supporting a school of law is enhanced

many times over its previous image, no. matter how good, both state and na­ tionwide. The law school acts as a tremendous drawing card, not only to students in a wide variety of fields of study, Iwt to professors and adminis­ tration as well. UNLV is agood school that could prove, with a little added im­ petus, that the sky is the limit. In addition to image are the benefits of interdisciplinary studies, the tone of "due process" over faculty and administration policy formation in University affairs, Md,ofcourse,theendlessresourcesof the law library and legal scholars to be tapped by the entire University Com­

munity.
But let us not overlook the community

l)eyond the University borders. Take, for example, the attorneys nowinpractice in Nevada. Again, the resources of library and scholars plus the nationally noted experts in varied aspects of the law who appear for the students will benefit not only the students but the practicing attorneys as well, and thus benefit the entire community. As a side note of interest, there are currently severallegal groups which already hold quarterly meet­ ings in Las Vegas, so the benefits could be reciprocal. Then too, let us consider the availability of continuing education for the attorney in prac^ce. Iowa, for example, has seen fit to make continuing education a requirement for its attorneys to maintain their license to practice,since

voluntary programs prove ineffective. So, this can do nothing but benefit not only the attorneys, but the state citizens as weU And, after all, is that not the in­ tent and purpose of the law.

The Clark County Law Library has recently made great strides toward be­ coming an adequate facility - but now the size of the community coupled with her legal needs has created a need, not for just one sufficient taw library, but for two.

This need would be filled readily by the one included with and inherent to a school of law.

Beyond the immediate practice of law there is the benefit of having a capable and disinterested critic able to study

and evaluate- the state's entire legal and" legislative system and administration, not to mention the judicial branch. Then, bringing that back to a daily experience, it might be more capable to deal effec­ tively and equitably with, for example,

transportation, taxation and minority prob­ lems (Nevada now shows'28,000 Negroes and 241,000 women) as well as the ef­ fects of legal training on areas not di­ rectly involved in the practice itseU. Consider the benefits of law-trained per­ sons in such areas as public leadership,

administration and law enforcement. Because a good deal of legal studies now can l)e carried out in a clinical situation, such offices as the Prosecutor, the Public Defender and Legal Services can be expanded, under close supervision and direction, by research capabilities brought to it by students and para-leg­ al jy trained individuals, etc., thus opening the services, with limited increases in . capital expenditures, toa broader segment

Due to our state's past proven and future predicted rapid growth rate there - are many areas of the law which have ne­ ver needed or received the emphasis which is now and will be in the future

'be l)Ia(red upon them. Consider, as a few examples, the securities businesses, laws of property as weU as landlord- tenant,environmentalprotection, reales­ tate, finance, land-use planning, corpor­ ations and commercial transactions. And unfortunately we always have theproblems of criminal justice.

••popers**

of the community.
There are many fields of employment

where legal training would.be a conven­ ient adjunct, such as bank trust officers, insurance claims adjusters, law enforce­ ment officers, court administration and executive posts, to name a very few.

I think over all, we need to remember that nation-wide, teeth are teeth,buildings are buildings, and history is just that. 'Butweliveina.verydistinctstatewith no other area in the world that can be compared to it in regard to things like community property, tourists economy,

gambling, legalized prostitutuion, govern­ ment land ownership, agriculture, and mining This Strange combination has made for it an image peculiar to Ne­ vada alone and, consequently, a set of laws and mode of life distinct from any other. Laws are not all interstate - many are distinct to an area and its needs. Thus Nevada needs a school of law based on and filled by capable stu­ dents, faculty, and administration raised in and under and thus being inherently familiar with, the laws specifically suited

to their sucroundings.
Remember the weekly Pre-Law Assoc­

iation meeting, Tuesday 12:00 noon in the Social Science Building Gold Room or Room 208. Also, the Association wil be circulating petitions for yoursignature. You can show your support by wearing one of the Law - UNLV red and yellow

buttons available from the Association for $L00. We need your support and it is a minimal donation for a very worthy cause.

NEXT: We will delve into the state's capacity to support a school of law in the future and employ her graduates. The following and final article of this series will look into the cost of a law school at UNLV.

In last week's issue of the YELL, we ran the advertisement for "papers" in a box along with the letter denouncing term paper milis.

The YELL would like to state the company "papers" does not research - term papers.
"Papers" does professional typing and editing. It is fully legal, and has edit

' ed thesis for several UNLV profess'

« VALLEY TIMES Thursday, December 19, 1974

io1Ht -. UfO r'"

cmqgn lopi q<

SI .1j~nK" 9Tufi£ .12",2

29 eo!

VittteyTimes

/'•

law school sense to us

One of the issues the public will be hearing a great deal aboutduringtheforthcomingses-

state Legislature is

fhether Nevada should develop a

BMt-^hool at the University here.

The Valley Times favors the

law school proposal, and our sup­

port is based on far more than

a nteje cursory examination of the question.

T'^W^rhave attended the legisla­ tive hearings in Carson City talked to leading mem­ bers, of the Nevada Judiciary -- (u:o_and con -- about the law l^o^: we have read the 154-

pwq^iwschoolstudy;andwehave •Phmfed to the debate.

• to the law school IS based, in our view, on very sha^l^w and superficial rea-

JjWCarenotsayingthatthere 's S^eaturgencyforalawschool nert^.and now, today. In fact we^aa^ not find even its strong-

saying that with ^/¥alfconVietion.

't's obviSus on the face ,unless we start now, Nevaffa will not have a law school

of substance five or 10 years from now.

NEVADA stands today as one of the only two states in the na­ tion without a law school.-- the other being Alaska.

bar each year --admit scores of out of state

and if those schools were not already crowded.

For that matter, if wehavea lasers.Itisestimatedthatthere surplusoflawyers,thenpre­

cfrt-ently are some 40 youngNe-

vadans attending out of state law schobls.

sumably it will result in upgrad­ ing the entire legal profession.

Planning today for tomorrow makes sense to us. Making Ne­

More than twice that number
according to one study, prob­ vada a rounded state with the

ably would be attending law educational benefits that implies schools in other states if they makes sense to us. The law

could afford to do so financially, school makes sense to us.

is estimated, that there are more than 20,000 well qualified students who are 'unable to gain admittance to

schools of law.
Nevada currently has between

800 and 900 lawyers. Our ratio

of lawyers to overall population

IS not higher than the national average.

OUR POPULATION continues to grow and there is no reason to believe that, along with the

growing complexity of our society and the natural need for more legal services, that Nevada won't be able to absorb the 100 or so lawyers graduated annually from our law school four or five

years from now.

But let us say, for the sake of argument, that there already are too many lawyers in the na-

Ihat it appears there

will be a national surplus of law­

yers, as there,is of teachers to­ day. -

DOKthat mean weshould deny Nevada the right to a law school? Does that mean Nevadans should always be forced to go elsewhere? Does that mean there stiU is no need to train Nevadans

in Nevada law? Does that mean we should deny our state the spin­ off benefits of a law school?

Saturday, September 14,1974-Las Vegas Review-Journal-S

Law school is fifth on priority list; TJNregents give program approval

Progeram pmroiorriittiifets for thpe UTInii. varsity of Nevada system for the next two years were adopted Friday by university regents with the establishment of a law

school ranked number five on the list.

An attempt by regent James Buchanan II of Las Vegas to move the startofthe lawschool at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas to a higher position on the list failed when none of the other five regents present would ai-

dorse bis proposal.
As the priorit>' list was adopted

the formulation of a dental hy­ giene program at theClark Coun­ ty Community College was given top {reference among the eight programs the regents will be asking the 1975 Legislature to authorize for the 1975-77 fiscal period.

Placed second on the list was the establishment of a masta* of science and nursing program at the University of Nevada, Reno. The third pricrity was the start­

i.-t
ters program in ps>'chologv at

the law school as the number one

.
'It was difficult to place one

over the other because both are needed," headmitted.

While it is not as difficult for students to get into law schools, Nevada architectural students are having a hard time getting into state supported schools else­ where, Baepler noted.

He added that architects diroughout the state have sup­ ported the starting ofan architec­ tural school at the Las Vegas campus.

Law>-ers in the state have been mwe hesitant in their support for alawschoolin Nevada.

University Chancellor Dr. Neil Humphrey said all the priorities are important. Each division of the university system would pre­ fer to see their priorit>* at the top of the list, but it was just not possible to please everyone,

Humphrey said.

4Up .-1S^S

UNLV.
Regent Buchanan's efforts to system.

upgrade the law school rating were endorsed by student repre­ sentatives from UNLV.

Val Buhecker, president of the Las VegasStudent Body, said the UNLV students would like to see

A higher rating for the law school was also endorsed by two representatives of the pre-law association at UNLV. A spokes­ man for the group said the stu­

dents from Nevada who want to attend law schoolhave an almost impossible time getting into law schools anywhere else in the United States. She noted that law schools in other states did not

teach future Nevada lawyers about the laws peculiar to this state alone.

UNLV President Dr. Donald ,Baepler defended the placement /of the architecture program above the law school, noting it is much less expensive to start the

architecture course because it does not requirea big library or a separate building.

ing of a bachelor of science pro­
graminardiitectureandurban
designatUNLV.Alsoranked «s above the law school was a mas­

u
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\V1^ Tuesday, November 12,1974 —I,as Vegas Review-Journal —.M Non-accredited law schools are "rip-off

ByGeneBlake ThtLM Timvi

TheState Bar is proposing new •standards forCalifornia's prolife- rating non-accredited law schools,sane of which are des­ cribedbyonel^aleducatorasa

rip-off with a potential for .candal.

plus law schoolsare not accre­ ofBarExaminersshowthat53of necessarythattheoperatasofa centagesraninthe80sand90s. approved by the American Bar requirementsas"antiquated," exclusively part-time law

Asuggestedrulebywhichthe StateBarpresidentBrentM. >tale Supreme Court would im- Abel that the board had a rule

i>oseminimum standardson such under preparation for presenta­ •chools has been tentatively tion to tlK Supreme Court. It

some schools accept students,

idopted by the State Bar board of jovermrs.Itisscheduledfora

i>ublic hearing Dec. 11. Anoutspokencriticofsaneof

was given tentative approval at theboard'sOctobermeeting.

Boas noted that such students tion Code, a school is entitled to have little chance of passing the issuedegreeswithoutanyqualifi­ seniorbarexamination.He

he newer nonaccredited law chools — many of which have prung up in the Los Angelesarea

In genmil, the rule would set
minimumstandardswithrespect $50,000inassetsineither.realor creditfaanylawstudyuntilthe

Uiego. fania Bar.
He raised the issue with the Ihe proposed rule also would

ijar'sboardofgovernorsatthis setlimitso)creditfainstruction

to issue degrees. It is not even NOHTH (D)

4 1UM4

t AK .J5

• Ti

success on the first attempt isfar highafa studentsinaccredited schools.

Boas admitted that there are some good unaccredited law schools that do not want ac­ creditation for some reason,such

as requlrSd financial resources. However, he said there are some "harible" schoolsthat are doing the"ripping off."

Thelatta,accordingtoBoas, arerun byae one,twoa three peoi^e. They are underfinanced, , solicit money to make up the | required $50,000, advertise ex- | tensive^ and may open and dose quickly, headded.

The Committee of Bar Exam­ iners regularly issues statistics on bar examination results, bro­ ken down by schools. On the latest such list, only 12 of the present 29 unaccredited California law schools had

graduates or non graduate

students taking the 1971-73 ^exams.

Thepercentageofsuccessfa graduates of unaccredited schoolstakingtheexamfathe first time ranged from 5.6 per cent up to 75 per cent. The aver­ age was slightly under 32 per cent

1
By cortrast, the percentage of

success for graduates of accre­ dited Califonia lawschods rang­ ed from 38.9percent up to65.4 per

cent on the first try. The average was just under69 percent

year's stttfe convention in Sacr­ amento. Boas pointed out that Mioe than half of California's 50-

in law from a correspondence schod.

I.£test figuresof the Committee

ditedbytheStateBarCommittee of Bar Examiners.

"A number are doing a good job; othas are hippocket c^ra- tions,withthepurposeofripping offstudents," Boastoldthegov­

ernors. "Itisa possiblescandal." Boas wds assured by incoming

lawschoolsinCalifornia,only 24 have been accredited by the com­ mittee. includingseven which are only provisionally accredited. A 25th has been givoi preliminary approval.

cations other than that it has pointed out that the bar gives no

Assn.,describedtheassociation's

makingit almostimpossible fa

schooltoexist.

to curriculum,attendance, physi­ cal facilities, faculty, library, academic achievement and re­ porting befae a student would

personal property.
He said that upon a "pro

first-year examination is passed. One standard measurement of a law school's effectiveness is the percentage of its students who •Vestem State University College receive credit toward require- the state Department d Educa­ pass the bar examination. Boas j(LawinAnaheimandSan moitsfaadmissiontotheCall- tiongraitsaschooltheauthority saidthenormalpercentageof

is Dean Maxwell S. Boas ofthe

forma" showing of sud) assets, the BureauofSchool Approvalsof

-T:

Of those accredited by the com­
mittee, only 15have met theeven stifferrequirementsfaapproval whoattendandrepeatevoi by the American Bar Asoi.

they have no chance to pass the Idaninterview,Boaspointed first-yearbarexaminatioi."

out that under the state Educa­

lawschoolbelawyers,Boassaid. "We believe everyone should have the opportunity to enter law school and be given one year to prove himself," Boas conceded,

Boas whoseown schoolis not

ceded.
"The complaint we haveis that

Topping the list were graduates

A,

28—Las VeRasReview-Journal—Wednesday,April16,1975

R-J viewpoint

Time inopporlime for law school

38—Las Vegas Review-Joamal—Tuesday, December IT, 1974

R'J viewpoint

UNLV law school not feasible now

The law school advocates are at it again, preaching the need for a lawschoolattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas.

And again we must state that it is not feasible to start a legal program here now and indeed it would be foolishto do so.

The proponentsof starting alaw school are gearingup forsome hot and heavy lobbying before the 1975 Legislature in an attempt to force a law school through early in the session.

Astep in that direction is a forum tonight at UNLV on the need for the new program. The panelscheduled to appear is stacked with law school advocates who will again reiterate their biased views on why

The Assembly Ways and Means Committee is taking the right
approach with its hard line cross examination of the advocates fw
startingalawschoolinLasVegas. Nevadadoesnotdarewaittostartalawschool.

As we have pointed out in the past, university officials seem preoccupied with starting a law school. They have made that their number one priority at the expense of ongoing programs and other courses of study which would t^nefit more Nevadans.

Las Vegas Assemblyman Robert Robinson described the sit­ uation perfectly when he stated, "It seems the university system is more intent on getting a law school than meeting the needs of Nevada students."

Another good point was made by Assemblyman Darrell Dreyer, also of Las Vegas, who charged the university administrators and law school backers with misrepresenting the investment which would be involved in a legal program.

As Dreyer pointed out, two years ago the law school proponents were talking about the several classrooms they would need for the program. Now they are talking about plans for a law school building. One architect'sestimate for the building was$5.8 million.

No doubt they will be armed with a law school "feasibility" study which was commissioned by the last Legislature under the direction of the pro-law school fanatics. It was not too surprising to anyone that the study showed a real need for the school.

We suggest the law school dreamers take time out to examine a recent article in "Newsweek" magazine which presented a more accurate picture of the law school realities.

We found the statistics revealing and of interest to the taxpayers of Nevada who may have this school thrust upon them by a coalition of would-be lawyers and individuals whosomehow think a law school would give our young university instant academic prestige.

To quote the Newsweek article, "The number of lawyers in the U.S. has nearly doubled since 1950, to about 400,000. But the production of new lawyers continues at an even faster pace. Law school enrollment has tripled since 1953 and jumped 70 per cent in the last six years; it now stands at more than 106,000. The number of accredited law schools has risenfrom 132 to156 this fall.

In the law school drive we question the role State Supreme Court
Justice David Zenoff has assumed as the primary lobbyist for
startingtheschool. estimatethatonlyabout19,000legalpositionswillopenannually

The well-meaning judge has gone too far in his promotional efforts on behalf of the law school advocates. It was commendable of him to seek private contributions for the university, but it was not his place to make the stipulations on how gifts might be used in an attempt to force the state to start a program we may not be able to afford at this time.

The legislators should take a lesson from history and recall the problemtheUniversityofNevada,Renogotintoseveralyearsago after it accepted strings-attached gifts for a medical school. The contributions toward the establishment of that program have long since dwindled and disappeared and the state has been left holding the bills.

Justice Zenoff's a,ctions in support of the law school have been so overwhelming that one would almost suspect the rumors may be true that he is after the post as dean of the school. We can only hope that his efforts have not l)een of a selfish nature and there have been no behind the scenes commitments to him to repay him for his law school campaigning.

We have already warned the legislators about being pressured into starting a law school, but there is a need now to remind them that on one hand there is no shortage of lawyers in Nevada to mandate the need for such a school and on the other there is the long-range costs of maintaining a reputable law school to be considered.

through 1985."
The article also notes that many young lawyers are already

running into a stone wall when they try to find jobs as lawyers. Newsweek reports that they have been forced to pack away their diplomas and work as farmers, cabdrivers, truckers and secret­ aries.

At the state's expense we may be turning out some pretty high- pricedfarmersandtruckdriversatUNLVinjustafewyearsifthe law school advocates have their way.

In the face of black and white realities on the surplus of lawyers which already exists it would be foolhardy for Nevada to stari an expensive school to turn out morepeople for the unemploymentline.

University Regent Board Chairman Harold Jacobsen estimated that a law school would cost $10 million to start. The lawyer who prepared the feasibility study for the proposed school could only reply with the illogical remark that it would cost twice as much to start a law school in10 years.

Nevada certainly does not need a law school now and in all probability it may not need one in 10 years. But even so it would be foolish to invest $10 million of taxpayers' money now just because there might be a need for a law schoolin 10 years.

The law school planners should take a lesson from what happened in the teaching profession. For many years there was a hue and cry to turn out more teachers. Now the majority of students who graduate with an education degree cannot get a job in that profession.

There already is an abundance of iawyers in Las Vegas, as elsewhere, and we cannot foresee any sudden need for a whole new crop of attorneys which might justify the establishment of a law school in a period of recession when we need to tighten our present spending, rather than start new and costly programs.

The law school enthusiasts repeatedly argue that even ifthere are already too many lawyers Nevadans should still have the right to enter the profession. We agree on that point, but disagree that it is the responsibility of the state to provide them a place to get their education.

We also would like Nevadans to have the opportunity to become veterinarians, psychiatrists or dentists, but we recognize it is not economically possible for the state to establish a professional school for every vocation some residentsofour state might want to pursue.

With the economy in an uncertain state we hope the lawmakera will have the wisdom to table any action on establishing a law school this session. The time is not right for starting such a costly program at the University ofNevada, Las Vegas.

Tiw p;'

"Against these figures must be set the Bureau ofLabor Statistics'

j:^geo/uecemoer o,

Oughttobea law

ENGSTROM

Qualified Nevada students who want to go to law school to study Nevada lawor who don't have finances to pay out-of-state tuition often find they must change their career goals because there is no law school in Nevada.

This problem has been bothering several people throughout the state. As a result.in the last session of the Nevada State Legislature, a resolution was passed for a study to be done concerning the feasibility of starting a law school in Nevada.

Unfortunately, politics entered into the discussion. The question became not if Nevada should have a law school but whether it should be Reno or Las Vegas. Since the majority of legislators are from Las Vegas, the feasibility study only discussed that location as a site for the school.

Before they definitelydecide to build thelaw school in Las Vegas, it has to be determined if Nevada needs and could support it. Hie study, "Law School Study for , UNLV," was authored by Dean Willard Pedrick. College
of Law. Arizona State University, and Prof. Lome Seid- man, chairman of the Department of Finance at UNLV. Hiestudydiscussedthesequestions.

He said, "Students who want to go toschool and want to study Nevada law should be able to. It's not really a question of whether we need more lawyers but that we should let students who want to study law do so."

Eleanor Bushnell.a political science professor,agrees with Mayer. She said. "If there are qualified students in Nevada who do well in school and on their LSAT test and can't get into a school because they're from out of state, then they are being deprived of their choice. I have to admit that I don't know of any such students."

Bushnell said there were other reasons fcx* having a law school besides a financial break for local students, ^esaidtheintellectualattainmentthatalawfacility makes possible should be considered also.

^esaid,"Agoodlawfacultyincreasesresearchand they tend to respect facts. The community benefits from this kind of experience. It's good to have the intellectual demand placed law students and professors."

Frankie Sue Del Fappa, former ASUN president and now an attorney working for Judge Bruce Hiomi^m, agrees with that in part. She said, "Any state judicial system is bettw with a law school. It keepstoe state laws and the judicial ^stem on their toes. It providescontinual study and new ideas."

They concluded that thereis aneed for the law school.
In I960, there were 17.000 first-year law schoolstudents in
ABA approved schools. By 1970 this number had grown to
37.538. For the school year 1974-75 this number is expected
to increase to 40,000. Most law schools are receiving 10-15
applicationsforeachspot. toeschool.Siealsosaidsheknewofanumberofat­

They discussed the need for one in Nevada by looking at past records of students who had applied. In 1972-73 Nevada students filed968 applications for lawschool from 160 students (each student applied to several schools). Ninety-one were accepted and fifty to sixty enrolled as first-year students.

They said, "The fact is that fewer young Nevadans are trying to study law and fewer young Nevadans are securingadmissiontoandoctuaUycnrolHnginlawschool than one would expect, if the experience nationally is applied to Nevada's population."

They gave the reasons for this as there was no law school in Nevada and the cost of going out of state. In California the low cost of tuition is $1500for an academic year to a high of $3184 at Stanford. The tuition at the University of California runs about $2200. In addition, these schools have quotas for out of state students.

The need formore lawyerswas examined in the study also. They said nationally in 1970 there was one lawyer for every 572 persons In Nevada there was one for every 572 persons. Ofthe 739lawyersin Nevada. 617werein Reno or Las Vegas. Fifty-four per cent of the lawyers were making over $25,000 annually.

There has been an increase of lawyers in the Reno area even in the last year. The Nevada State Bar Association said there are 362lawyers in Reno. 102 people passed the bar examination given this year. This was up from 85 last year-

Many people in the community are divided on whether Nevada needs a law school. Most of the hesitancy

came from members of the legal community. High costs of schooling for students was the major reason given for Nevada jieeding a law school.

Mills Lane. Deputy District Attorney for Washoe County, said he di(to't know if Nevada needed a law school. He said."It's unfair forthe studentsto have to pay out-of-state tuition. If Nevada could work out an agreementwithotherschoolssotheydidn'thavetopayit. then I would say we didn't need one."

Students felt that Nevada should have a law school because going out of state may be impossible because of their finances. Brenda Baxter,a senior in history pre-law. said. "I'm disgusted with the prices of other law schools. It would cost me $1000-1500 more a year to go to school than it would if I were a state resident."

Others considered not being able to study Nevada law as well as the cost. Bemie Snyder, a senior in journalism who plans to go tolaw school,said. "Theonly place I know- that teaches Nevada law is McGeorge in Sacramento. I think it's a shame you have to go away when you could stay here for school and go for a more reasonable price."

Tom Mayer. ASUN President, also said one of the reasons he wanted to see a law school in Nevada is because McGeorge isthe only placehe knows that teaches Nevada law.

\

torneys locally that are looking for a job.

Mary Gojack, newly-elected state senator, expressed mixed emotions about starting a law school. Sie said she had been in favor of the feasibility study but had not had a chance to look at it yet.

She said, "It's not a clear<ut thing. I do think it's coming. Of courseit's not fair to Nevada studentsnot to be abletog^toschoolintheirownstate.It deprivessomeof them of their choice of career."

Stephen Peak, theASUNattnalso agreed that it was too expensive to go out of state. He added another viewpoint though. He said, "If a student goes out of state and establishes residency so he doesn't have to pay the extra tuition, he may lose his residency in Nevada. Nevada has a residency requirement for a(^ission to the bar.So he may haveto wait awhile before hecan practice if he comes back to Nevada."

Going out of state to law school may be a benefit for the legal system, Karl Walquist, a senior pre-law student in journalism and political science, said. He said, "It's better for Nevada this way. Students leave and come back. It adds variety to the legal system. It's good to be exposed to another state."

Another question to beconsidered is the cost. Thecost of starting any new school can be quite high. If the school is started in Las Vegas, a new building and law library must be established. This is on top of the regular ex­ penditures for teachers' salaries, books, etc.

The law study had several figures on bow much it would cost to start a school. They said the Association of American Law Schools offers a figure of $4000 per student per year to operate. They said a school of200-250students (probably the size of the Nevada law school) carries a budget of $3000-$3500 per student per year. They also said the school would need to operate on a budget of $600,000 to $750,000 yearly. Again this is not considering the cost of toe buildings.

This raises the question of whether the law school shouldbetheuniversitysystem'shighestfwiority.Some people disagree with whether the law school is worth such an investment.

Gary Sheerin, aCarson City attorney,does not think a law school has the highest priority. He said, "I think it would be nice to have one. 'The question is one of dollars and priority. I think a lot of other things have a higher priority than a law school."

John Tom Ross, another Carson City attorney and a newly-elected member of the Board of Regents, agrees with Sheerin. He said, "We don't need one at this time. There are higher priorities. All existing departments need to be refined. The Community Colleges serving 14.000 students need money to takecare of their growth. We need a veterinarian sch(X)l and have the medical school com­ pleted. Then we can think about a law school."

She continued that she has mixed emotions. She worried that Nevada may not be large enough to support

7 8

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Nevada has a legitimate need for a law school and that it can afford to support a law school; and

WHEREAS, Caesar's World, Inc., the parent corporation of Caesar's Pal-

ace m Las Vegas, donated the sum of $500,000 for law school purposes; and r f ,

WHEREAS, Several other persons and organizations have contributed or pledged sums of money towards the creation of a law school; and

WHEREAS, It becomes increasingly difficult for Nevada stiidents to enter law schools that are restricting the number of out-of-state students; and

WHEREAS, It continues to be the intent of the legislature to authorize the

establishment of a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas,

although the time of the establishment is as yet undetermined; now there^ fore, be it

by the Assembly of the State of Nevada, the Senate concur-

regents is urged to continue to make preparations tor the establishment of a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, such preparation to include seeking commitments for funds from

A. C. R. 56

ASSEMBLY CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 56—ASSEMBLY­

MEN LOWMAN. MANN, MURPHY, WEISE, CHANEY AND FORD

APRIL 24, 1975
Referred to Committee on Education

SUMMARY—Urges the board of regents of the University of Nevada to continue toexplorerequirements,possiblefundingsourcesandrelatedmattersconcem- ^ school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

EXPLANATION—Matter in italics is new; matter in brackets ( ] is material to be omitted.

^ F RESOLUTION—Urging the board of regents of the University of Nevada to continue to explore requirements, possible funding sources and related matters concerning establishment of a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

1 WHEREAS,Thelegislaturein1973declaredthatalawschoolshouldbe 2 estabhshed at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and that a study of 3 the feasibility of such a school should be undertaken by the board of 4 regents; and

5 WHEREAS, A report on the feasibility of such a school has been pre- 6 rented to the 58th session and the conclusions of that report are that

1

A. C. R. 48

ASSEMBLY CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 48—MESSRS. SCHOFIELD, LOWMAN, McNEEL, BREMNER, MICKEY, MAY, DINI, BARENGO, GLOVER, SMALLEY, CRAWFORD, HOWARD, DEMERS, HAYES, ULLOM, CRADDOCK, BROADBENT, MRS. GOJACK, MESSRS. HUFF, JACOBSEN, BANNER, BICKERSTAFF, PRINCE, BENNETT AND MRS. BROOKMAN

APRIL9, 1973

Referred to Committee on Education

SUMMARY—Authorizes board of regents of University of Nevada to develop plans for establishing a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (BDR 873)

Explanation—Matterinitalicsisnew;matterinbrackets[ ]is materialto beomitted.

ASSEMBLY CONCURRENT RESOLUTION—Authorizing the board of regents of the University of Nevada to employ personnel from private funds to develop plans for establishing a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.

WHEREAS, The legislature finds that a law school is needed in the Uni- versity of Nevada System; and

WHEREAS, The legislature finds that it is for the best interests of the state and of the university that a law school be located at University of Nevada, Las Vegas; and

WHEREAS, The legislature at this time desires to have more informa- tion in regard to the cost of a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas; now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Assembly of the State of Nevada, the Senate con- curring:

1. That a law school be established in the future in the State of Nevada at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

2. That board of regents of the University of Nevada are authorized to employ a person who would be qualified to serve as a dean of a law school from funds not appropriated by the state legislature to develop plans for the physical facilities of a law school, including a law library, and for the faculty and staff of the law school to be located at the Univer- sity of Nevada, Las Vegas.

3. That the information developed be submitted to the board of

regents of the University of Nevada, the governor and 58th session of the legislattire.

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' ThePriceofSuccess;LawSchoolsand StudentsGripe That U DiversitiesAreSiphoningOff Their Revenues

PierceLawCenter,affiliatedwithFranklin ContinuedFromFirstPage salariesandsmallUbrarybudget,hesa^ PierceCollegein NewHampahire.setup

Xhe Price of Success

Law Schools Complain Strapped Universities Raid Their Revenues

new programs, cut class size and keep en- roUmentat1,750.

b it any wonder that "Chief Juatl« shop In September 1»73 in what used tote (Warren) Burger says many lawyers cant the stalls of an old bull-breeding farm build­ trya well?"Mr.Bunnasks. ing.ItIsslatedtoeventuallypayanover­

The University of Wisconsin Is preparing head fee to the college. a response to the ABA charges and can't

Butkhg) at Boston College
SimUarly.YaleUniversity,whichpoolscomment.ArthurHove,assistantto^ AndNovaUniversity.FortLauderdale,

revenuefromItscollegesanddoesn'ttabu­chancellor,says."Butwet^ethe^ Fla..spent$1milliontostartupalaw late the exact contribution of each, says lU charges seriously." he says. He adds that school last fall, even though Nova haa tieen law school has generally been operating on the university "doesn't necessarily agree or In the red for five of lU aeven years of exla. a break-even basis for the past several disagree" with Mr. Bunn's criUclams. He tence. haa phased out Its physical science yean. And Boston College Law School says says the university tried to meet the (ormer program and haa shelved plans for a four- the Jesuit university knows the law school is dean's tundlng requests. 'but the law schotd year college. Aiming at 450 law students^

campus legEil crisis.
Law schools are challenging the long-ac­

the most prestigious on campus and wants is only a part ol the total responsibility o( $2.500-a-year tuition. Nova says that wittun
tokeepIt thatway. Accordingly.Itsays the runninga university." nveyears the law school will be contril)^-
university takes only KW*- to 15*!^ of Its W Ing of its income to the university. ' H
millionIncome.Inthepastfiveyears,the Alsogettlpgsomecriticism "IJwasamatteroflookingaroundandmo^ frompc^Hilarcoursescanbeusedtofinance

university has boosted the law »chwl8 ColumbiaUniversityLawSchool.Theschcrt Intothe area of greatest need."Abraham

teachingandresearch-insubjectsthatcan't pay their own way

clinical law budget sixfold, raised the book says an ABA accrediUUon report argues that Flschler. president, says. budget and added sU new professors. too lltUe money Is provided lor the library

And in these times of soaring costs and mounting deficits, the challenges are bad news toruniversity administrattx^. For law yhools thriving amidst academe's hard

But many other universities Increasingly and for student amentUes such as a
seem to view law schools as lucrative The amount of overhead that tl«
sources of revenue. Mrs. Younger says ^ pays the university also was discussed by selves are presaurlng admlnistratcrs to
accepted the Syracuse deanshlp "to build a the ABA team. change funding practices. StudenU at Gon-
great law school." But this year the univer­ Columbia Law's dean, laga University School oi Law, sitysaidItwouldtake56<K^ofthelawsaystheuniversitywilltake$400,000oftheWashwithheldtuitionlastyearInaneff<^ dentsinlyIaw lastyesT.according

newsumtnerprogramswentmostlytothe vldualcollegesaren't
university, she says. central administradon on budget matters. released) in tuition.

stlU-prosperlnglawschoolstohelpballthem out financially by meeting, the high fixed costs oftemtred faculty and empty class­

In rebuttal. Syracuse University Vice •The university Is one corporaUom not a ChancellorJohnJ.Pruchaarguesthatwhencollectionof

'We approached it from a consumer an-

law school spends 4.5^r more than it takes oreserving and communicating knowled^. in. rather than on the amount of revenue taken

A similar dispute Is building up at the in.

ditation. we couldn't get Jote."

Tte university,which saya ^ Uw school revenue last year (39%. the law

pansion plans, other deficit-ridden univend' ties are scrambling to start up law schools of theirown.

Preawve by Students
Atsome universities, law students them­

school'shefty13.030tuitionandfees,uplaischool's$3.5mUllonIntulUonthisyw.tohalttheJesuituniversity'spractiMoC (AALfit^**^^" AmrriranIrfiwflrhnnls

from 48*^ a year earlier, she says. That left after all law school expenses are considered. taking as much as 50<!t of the law school s hardlyenoughtomaintainthestatusquo.ButasaresultoftheABAreport,hesays,revenue. Despitesurgingtuitionandfees,most

the university will put up for U"'
sheadds. ^ . . •afreshInfusion"offundsinaddlUontothe Thepracticecametolightinan

law schools are filled sgain this year. And theyhavebeenturningapplicantsawayIn droves,incontrasttotheoverallstagnation at four-3rear colleges, where enrollments ap­

Budgetconflictswiththeuniversityhad *500.000budgetedearlier. creditation repwt noting nine
begun a year earlier, as soon as she took of­ Another Columbia source saya. ciencies." such as a too-high student-faculty fice.Mrs.Youngersays.Heroperatingbud­reallyabigripoff.butIt'salltUeri^. ratioandtoolittlemoneyforfacultyre­ parentlyhaveleveled<rff-or,atmanypri­ get was slashed W7<, a 141,000 deficit re­ But the university's vice president for search assistants. The students hired a law­ vate four-year schools, where enrollments mained from the prior year, and mwey management, Bruce Bassett.aayt meii^ yer studied budgets at about 25other law havedeclined.

raisedfromincreasingenrollmentandthr^ schoolsandvotedtowithhold*109.000(later Manyuniversitiesarelookingtotheir

^ «

gle-wewanted*1backlor*1spent."says roomsIntiteirartsandsciences,engineer­

overhead costs, faculty benefits and centw thai appropriaUons are baaed on how they administrativeservicesareIncluded,thewilladvance(Columbia's)goalsoftrM^.president."IftheABAtookawayouraccre­ thetimesareperilousforeducationalex

Gregory Huckatee. atudent bar aaaoclaUon ing and education schools. And even though

UrUversltyofWisconsinLawSchool.TheRevenueOftenKeyGoal schoolfigures),hascutthepercen^ ManyFeasibliityjStudles
school la so seriously underfunded that Its Some universiUes apparenUy are starting taken to 30%; thus the TTieAALS "gets letters every week from graduates are ill-prepared toserve aslaw- up law schools primarily " wasraised to$1.3 millionfrom $1.4million. officialsin chsrgeof feasIbUIty studies."a

y«rs.chargestheformerdean.Georgepurees,theAALSsays.Lawschoolsa«Moreover,theuniversityagreedtopickupa 1spokesmansaysHeaddsthat12newlaw Bunn. who stepped down in June because of
dissatisfactionwiththeschool'sfunding.Heamongtheleastexpensive ,$44,000annualmortgagepayment JfachocdshaveopenedInthepastfiveyears

launch:theyrequireonlysomeclassrtems.lawschoollibraryandclawoombul^^ andfivemoreareonthedrawingboards;in saysWisconsinspends$9,820permedlcaJafewprofesaorsandthebeginningsofali­Aaaresult,thelawschoolthUy" " jthe1960-1969period,adecadeofmassive

student. *7.400 per dentistry student and brary.But they carry as much commu^y new professors. Increased its book bud^t

atatimewhenupgradinglegaleducationis bangforthebuck."MlUardH.Buud.AALSI Twoyeara before the Gonsaga tuiUcti important.Mr.Bunnsays.Theoldcasebookexecutivedirector,sayz. strike,studentsattheUniversityofSan comingfail-lyvociferousInassailingfinan­ jfiittedofstudy,inwhichsjudentslearnlaw ThustheUniversityofPugetSo^FranciscoSchoolofLawsuedtheuniver­ cialpooling.JudithYounger,deanofSyra­ bvreadingprecedent-settingcases,isgivingbrooded15to30yearabeforeopeningItslawsity.allegingbreachofcontract'o' cuseUniverUty'sCollegeofLaw.resigned

*1.303 per law student.

I growth for colleges and universiUes, oiUy eight law schools were opened.

last spring over what she called "the rake- off lasue-we make It. they take it." She was the fifth Uw school dean to resi^ in the pastfive yearsatSyracuse.

"It's the profit In the Cadillac divlsian being used to make up the losses In the Chevroletdivision."sajrsCharlesO.Galvin. Uw dean at Southern Methodist University SchoolofLaw.Hedeclines todiscusstheait-

prestige as far more costly medical or doo 25%. doubled its secretarial budget and This parsimony is especially unforttinate torate programs, so "unlverslUes get more Startedtwo clinical programs

Law school deans, though traditionally guardedintheirpubliccomments,arebe­

to clinical education. In which students

schoolinSeptemter a"P^

Anu UIC lie vas»»aa,.~ .
moreproffessoraper student.Also.Mr.Bunn rpruon:''^-Kr"''s.5s

to "improve relations' with the law scnow.

Buttheuniversity, whichhadteen losing moneyforsevenyears,trimmedlutakeof law school revenue to 33% from ^ tertheABA urgeda cut.Thatpermitted^

lK3)itea. tihnec buuirBgcevo$n.ai.nag^ number o—f le»gal sp•^ ^,rschool already i.
t - waviapA n1mAwrl&lS Adilch la being used to pay off $800.oro tte baltiesrequires a wider rangeof materials TMi«rrity bomwed for aUrt-up coau. heI

C lawlibraries^ —<—n

• I in an accrediUUon report last year. Wla- saya
consln Law School was crlUctied for Inanothercase,the UniversityofDaytte

providingenoughfacultytimetoauper^l^wSchool,whichopenedlastfall,merelylawschooltoraisefacultypay. uaticnattheDallasschool

adequately studenU In the clinical program. cleared a floor In Uie university library for student-faculty raUo to 34 to one from 36to bi routine reaccreditation reviews of 25 IBunnsays.Theschoolalsowas^i>^ ithreeclassrooms,twoseminarrooms a one.andholdthelineonenrollment. UwschooUlastyear,theAmericanBarAs­ l^gyntroom and a library. The Franklin sociation concluded that at least 10 probaUy lorluhighfaculty-studentratio,lowfaculty. arecontributingmorethantheirfairshare

'"I r Tinilifitni iTDiiliiiriiiTi 'iidinrinrffiili

/

And Some Institutions Enter nFieldinHopeofProfits: They Stress 'Big Picture'

'tudents as Hurt Consumers

By Liz Roman G allesb
$tM/f Reporterof THt W*tL ZTIKKT J«UBNAt The campus fiscal crisis is creatliig a

VWl.. uiAV^.ao

ceptedacademic practiceof poolinguniver- .stty-wide revenues so that tuition and fees

^tlmes. ihfir enroilments havg miir*'than doubled in the past 10 years, to 110.713stu­

to the universities. Previously the ABA had been finding only about one, a year. But the practice has become "enough of a problem that we routinely look for it when inspecting schooU," says R. W. Nahstoll, chairman ot the ABA arm that ;mrveys the schot^. ABA'SRule of Thumb

AnABAruleofthumbsaysuniversities
should take 169^ to 23% of Uw school re­
venue, depending on whether they pick up
Uw buildings' heat. light and maintenance y costs (law school budgets generally include salaries, library costs and equipment; uni­ versities usually handle bonded debt). Legal education suffers if more is taken, the ABA maintains.

However. Frederic Ness, president of the Association of American Colleges, says the "practice and problems (of switching funds) areasoldas thehills "Headds. "Itwasn't too Icxigago that law schools werescram- Mlng for money and willing to be underwrit­ ten." although he can't cite specific In­ stances.

"Universities couldn't survive If single departments and colleges had to make it all on their own." Mr. Ness says. "The practice hastobelookedatbroadly,intermsoftotal benefit to the university."

MostofthebestuniversitiessUywithin strict bounds to assure quality programs. HarvardUniversityLawSchool,likeother Harvard colleges, operates on what it calls

I the "every tub on its own bottom" basis. Harvard Law School keeps its own tuition ' reveniie, pays^lts own bills and contributes a flat 2% overhead charge to the unlve^ty. It hasbeenrunningttazirmilHonannualbud- '«tatbreak-even,inanefforttobevek^

Please I'liiH to Page 23, Column 1

f.

approval

pressed shock at such offers and said no reputable physician or institution would accept them.

A spokesman for the North­ west Kidney Center in Seattle, ^iWasltt,i^id the center "without i/'questidn would never even consider such a proposal. Such

a thing might open up a whole new concept that is abhorrent."

ii:'
32—Las Vegas Review-Journal—Wednesday, July 31, 1974

R-J Viewpoint

Nevada isn't ready

C>ft»0J« CHPlff(Wl>.!^ Th« Senate Tt^qaiilie • Comtntttee'

system's..; - • -3^.^-

It cafo'btr a. 12Xi4>e%y!Bent incntM'M'^(B)i|99eiiaatk»for

professors this .ooraing nscah year Kid 7 per ceat the next.

Under fhe SMSttog plen. the _ the>r"""

be ju

requestectiU.STdiQion.aiM 190.4- millioif. ' • i .

On theLas:Vegas c^pttsi the prestsit btglgef^ tlO.&mlUidn wouldte'OlZ millipp.tht next fiseal year and 913.4 the following year.

"I thinkme Univciiity will be reasonably happy with the governor's budget," said State Budget Director Howard' Barrett.

The committee agreed to add a business and economic research prograib at Las Vegas at the urtdng ef'Sen. B. liahlon

Lbi

jf.'u

hi,';

for a law school

Brown^D-LasVegas, whosaid husinesKdenin.theeunnuailty, tun

for us to have a law school. First, we would have to take money from other parts of the school system or increase taxes. We feel that both of these measures are not in order at this time.

Supporters of the law school claim that it really won't cost too much. They talk about operating costs, hut they fail to say that the original

output would he in the neighborhood of 10 million.

Members of the 1975 Legislature will be asked to approve the forma­ tion of a law school, but we urge them to study the facts and figures before they act.

It appears to us that we are stretching our tax dollar now in our school system. This isn't the time to champion for a law school.

,

BBKK RNK

health and welfare and the total is funds in this manner for the school more than 80cents on the tax dollar. system.

Si6I '91[Udv •'fcpsani-ivaddV VaVAaN t-

..Let's be realistic and without mincing any words say. that Nevada

isn't ready for a law school.
It may sound nice to talk of a law

We are now spending 92 per cent more on our university system than

million from
school for the university, hut eco­ rebates has been earmarked for

nomically it isn't time. In the first capital construction on the place.the taxpayer has more than 60 university level.

cents of every tax dollar now going
toourschoolsystem.Throwin Ifitwerenotforthegamingtax

;,.We always felt that the medical
s.chool was kind of crammed down We think it is commendable for

our throats, and now it looks like Caesars Palace to pledge $300,000

that is what might happen with the
law school idea. for a law library, but when you are

talking about $10 million it isn't a 'i.Two things can happen in order drop in the bucket.

we were in

1970. Since then $20

At the present time oppose this project.

we must

slot machine tax

we couldn't come close to providing

-

this weekend to the Universi-
ty of Nevada Board of
Regents, says young societyinthefuture,ashas

4-NEVADA APPEAL—Tuesday, April 15, 1975

Appeal editorial

A law school

can work here

A proposal to establish a law school at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas campus is running into some tough sledding in the Nevada Legislature. Detractors are concerned that demand might be too slim from students and that the legal profession might not have room for the graduates.

While we don't know too much about attorneys, law school graduates and attorney-hopefuls, we do know a bit about reporters, journalism graduates and reporter-hopefuls. And we see a few similarities.

There are reporters who (like attorneys) touch onall points of the spectrum from expert to incompetent with the majority somewhere in the middle.

There are no controls as to who (other than the natural order of selection by brains and money) as to who will attend journalism school, who will graduate and who will join the job market. Those who are competent, quickly rise to the top and those who aren't, quickly drop outof sight. But at least they hada school to go to. The number of "J" gradswhoare currently building successful careers areintheobviousminoritybutyoudon'thearanytalkabout controlling their numbers by locking them out of the classroom.

We feel there is an important parallel here for potential at­ torneys. Those who want to give it a try by investing thousands of dollars and years out of their lives should indeed have the op-1 portunity. The sharppeople whograduate from lawschool and pass ' the bar will quickly rise and succeed in their chosen profession' regardless of how stiff the competition.

IStudy Reveals "^ Law School is

Needed At UNLV

Those who would try and then fail because of a lack of talent or a lack of drive would still fail even if there was no competition. Thej will be pitied, statisticians will shake their heads and these failures will get back to the less exacting jobs where they belonged to begin with.However,theimportantdifferenceisthat theywillhave had their chance and they will have experienced the law of free choicel and the "American Way" inits purest form. '

Further, we believe that a glut on the market of practicing at-! tomeys will not (and we again draw on our experience with the reporting profession) turn Nevada's professional attorneys into a gang of cheats, liarsand shysters. Rather, we believe that the good ones will get better because of intense competition and the bad ones will disappear because theresimply is noroom for them. This is the

obvious case in the journalism profession where three "J" grads are starving for every one who finds a job.

We would agree that Nevada needs a couple of busloads of automobile mechanics more than it needs new attorneys but the fact is that the need for lawyers is growing in Nevada and there is an increasing demand for attorneys in occupations other than those in the courtroom.

There are dedicated and talented hopefuls living in Nevada who are eager totry to break into the legal profession ata time when the opportunities simply don't exist. If there is to be a law school for Nevada we would hope that it be specifically for Nevadans - taking care of locals first and then allowing out-of-staters into what vacancies are left.

A Nevada law school can be a successful venture and it would be yet another step in the state's steady march into thecivilized world.

We urge its adoption.

INFOR.MING THE VOTERS
Assemblyman Patrick Murphy, D-Reno, has introduced AB 542

which proposes that the State of Nevada produce and distribute an information pamphlet to voters. It would profile candidates and ballot questions for the edification of voters.

without a law school in study- ing law out of state includes quotas for out-of-state students in many state univer- sity law schools, the higher cost at private university law schools and higher tuition for non-residents in state law schools and a range of per-

The proposal is a reasonable one. The Appeal believes that it is important that voters be acquainted with the candidates and un­ derstand the questions before going to the polls and we spend no small amount of time, effort and news space to see that this is so.

However, the League of Women Voters (the only group that makes a concertedeffort to see that all candidates are profiled and quizzed on platforms) and the Appeal (the only newspaper that prints these surveys consistently) are all alone in addressing wcrnselves to the task. A statewide effort on such a project would be highly appropriate.

AB 542 concerns itself with the general election and leaves the primary election with its phonebook-length ballots untouched. This ISwhere voters need a helping hand themost.

The proposal needs careful study but it's an idea whose time has come.

-

third year of operation. The classes for the" first two years ill operation could be housed in existing buildings on the Las Vegas campus.

To go with the school would be a law library requiring $500,000 in the first years and then about $100,000 annually.

rhere has been $300,000 pledged tor helping construct a law library by Caesars I'alace in Las Vegas. Justice Zenoff said there was $250,000 to $500,000 available in private donations to help get the

school started.
The report said it expected

Nevada's population to grow at a "spectacular rate in years ahead" and its economy will I'ontinue to provide one of the

year law students in the fall of 1973 in out of state schools, .\pplying national statistics, the study said there probably should have been about 90 Nevadans enrolled,

"The question whether it is feasible for the State of Nevada to establish and operate a quality law schoolat the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, now is a public or political question to be decid-

ed in the first instance by the regents, and of course, by the .Nevada Legislature. Other states, in fact, all but six of the other states, have already resolved that question in favor of the establishment of a state university law school," the report said.

CARSON CITY (UPI) — A country's highest per-capita quality law school should be Income,
established now at the Univer- "Though it is hard to be cer-

sity of Nevada, Las Vegas tain about the future of the (UNLV), a leasibility study economy in terms of the abili-

showed this week.
The study, to be presented

ty of the country to absorb all the new law graduates, it is believed the law trained per- sons will find useful roles in

Nevadans now face a number of barriers in getting in out-of- state law schools, including

been the Case in the past," the report said,

"Young ,Nevadans are not motivated to study law to the same extent as in states with law schools. They do not take the law school admission test inthenumbersonewouldex- pect. riiey do not secure ad- mission to law school in the numbers one would expect,

higher costs and systems.

quota

Nevada,

University of
Las Vegas law school could
servethestateofNevadanot
only in educating law students
in the legal process but could,
as well, serve as a law center
for the state to assist in con-
tinuing improvement of the Nevadans face in a state

legal system of the state," the study said.

The report was prepared by Dean Willard H. Pedrick of the College of Law at Arizona

The 1973 Legislature Thestudentsaid itbelieved authorized a study of the the state bar could absorb feasibility of establishing a substantial number of law school. An advisory com- graduates from a Las Vegas mittee to the board of regents law school. There has been receivedthefeasibilityreportsomeconcernthatalaw Monday. Committee Member school in Nevada would Justice David Zenoff of the provide an over-abundance of Nevada Supreme Court, said attorneys in the sUte.

the advisory committee Thestudyquotedfiguresto recommended the Regents show the national lawyer- accept the report. population ratio in 1970 was

riie study envisions a stu- one lawyer for every 572 per- dent body of about 200 to 250 sons in the general popula- students with an annual tion. In .Nevada there was one operation cost of $600,000 to lawyer for 633 persons "ap- $800,000 based on current preciably but not drastically prices. The two professors lower than the national suggest a law building of 60,- average." The report said 000 to 80.000 square feet for most of the lawyers were the first three years of the located in the population

school's life. There was no centers of Reno and Las estimate how much the Vegas,
building would cost. The two professors said

Zenoff said the law building they believed only 50-60 would not be needed until the Nevadans enrolled as first

State University and
Professor Lome Seidman,
chairman of the Department
of Finance of the College of
Business and Economics at
the University of Nevada, Las
Vegas. school."

"'The barriers young

sonal problems involved in moving out of state for law

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